1 Polarization na haske
Haske yana da kaddarorin asali guda uku, wato tsayin tsayi, ƙarfi da polarization. Tsawon tsayin haske yana da sauƙin fahimta, ɗaukar hasken da ake iya gani na gama gari a matsayin misali, kewayon tsayin tsayin shine 380 ~ 780nm. Har ila yau, ƙarfin haske yana da sauƙin fahimta, kuma ko hasken haske yana da ƙarfi ko rauni ana iya siffanta girman ƙarfin. Sabanin haka, halayyar polarization na haske shine bayanin jagorancin vibration na filin wutar lantarki na haske, wanda ba za a iya gani da tabawa ba, don haka yawanci ba shi da sauƙi a fahimta, duk da haka, a gaskiya, halayyar polarization na haske. Har ila yau yana da mahimmanci, kuma yana da nau'o'in aikace-aikace a rayuwa, irin su nunin crystal na ruwa da muke gani a kowace rana, ana amfani da fasahar polarization don cimma alamar launi da daidaitawa. Lokacin kallon fina-finai na 3D a cikin silima, gilashin 3D kuma ana amfani da su akan polarization na haske. Ga waɗanda ke yin aikin gani, cikakken fahimtar polarization da aikace-aikacen sa a cikin tsarin gani mai amfani zai taimaka sosai wajen haɓaka nasarar samfuran da ayyuka. Sabili da haka, daga farkon wannan labarin, za mu yi amfani da bayanin mai sauƙi don gabatar da polarization na haske, don kowa da kowa yana da zurfin fahimtar polarization, kuma mafi amfani a cikin aikin.
2 Ilimin asali na polarization
Domin akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa da ke tattare da su, za mu raba su zuwa taƙaitaccen bayani da yawa don gabatar da su mataki-mataki.
2.1 Ra'ayin polarization
Mun san cewa haske wani nau'in igiyar wutar lantarki ne, kamar yadda aka nuna a wannan adadi mai zuwa, igiyar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi filin lantarki E da filin maganadisu B, waɗanda suke daidai da juna. Raƙuman ruwa biyu suna jujjuyawa a cikin kwatancensu kuma suna yaduwa a kwance tare da hanyar yaduwa Z.
Domin filin lantarki da filin maganadisu sun kasance daidai da juna, lokaci ɗaya ne, kuma alkiblar yaɗawa iri ɗaya ce, don haka ana bayyana polarization na haske ta hanyar nazarin girgizar filin lantarki a aikace.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, za a iya rarraba wutar lantarki vector E zuwa Ex vector da Ey vector, kuma abin da ake kira polarization shine rarraba hanyar juyawa na sassan filin lantarki Ex da ey akan lokaci da sarari.
2.2 Jihohi na asali da yawa
A. Elliptic polarization
Elliptical polarization shine mafi mahimmancin yanayin polarization, wanda sassan filin lantarki guda biyu suna da bambance-bambancen lokaci akai-akai (ɗaya yana yaduwa da sauri, ɗayan yana yaduwa a hankali), kuma bambancin lokaci baya daidai da madaidaicin lamba na π/2, kuma girman girman zai iya. zama iri daya ko daban. Idan ka duba tare da jagorancin yaduwa, layin kwane-kwane na yanayin ƙarshen filin lantarki zai zana ellipse, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:
B, madaidaicin polarization
Linear polarization wani nau'i ne na musamman na elliptical polarization, lokacin da sassan filin lantarki guda biyu ba su bambanta da zamani ba, filin lantarki vector yana oscillate a cikin jirgin sama guda, idan an duba shi tare da hanyar yadawa, filin lantarki vector endpoint trajectory contour shine madaidaiciyar layi. . Idan abubuwan biyun suna da girman girma iri ɗaya, wannan shine madaidaicin digiri 45 wanda aka nuna a cikin adadi na ƙasa.
C, madauwari mai ma'ana
Da'irar polarization kuma wani nau'i ne na musamman na elliptical polarization, lokacin da sassan filayen lantarki guda biyu suna da bambancin lokaci na digiri 90 da kuma girma iri ɗaya, tare da jagorancin yaduwa, yanayin ƙarshen filin lantarki shine da'irar, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin labarin. adadi mai zuwa:
2.3 Rarraba tushen haske
Hasken da ke fitowa kai tsaye daga tushen hasken na yau da kullun wani nau'in haske ne marar ka'ida, don haka ba za a iya samun shi ta inda ƙarfin hasken yake nuna son zuciya idan an gan shi kai tsaye. Irin wannan ƙarfin hasken da ke girgiza a duk kwatance ana kiransa hasken dabi'a, yana da canjin bazuwar yanayin yanayin polarization da bambancin lokaci, gami da duk hanyoyin girgizar da aka yi daidai da alkiblar yaduwar igiyar hasken, baya nuna polarization, na cikin haske mara iyaka. Hasken halitta gama gari ya haɗa da hasken rana, haske daga kwararan fitila na gida, da sauransu.
Cikakkun hasken wuta yana da tsayayye na oscillation na igiyoyin lantarki, kuma sassa biyu na filin lantarki suna da bambancin lokaci akai-akai, wanda ya haɗa da hasken layin da aka ambata a sama, haske mai polarized da haske madauwari.
Hasken da aka sanya shi a wani bangare yana da abubuwa biyu na haske na halitta da kuma hasken da aka yi amfani da shi, irin su Laser beam da muke yawan amfani da shi, wanda ba shi da cikakken haske ko haske mai haske, sannan nasa ne na wani bangare na haske. Don ƙididdige ma'auni na hasken wuta a cikin jimlar haske, an gabatar da manufar Degree of Polarization (DOP), wanda shine rabo na ƙarfin hasken wuta zuwa jimlar haske, daga 0 zuwa 1,0 don unpolarized. haske, 1 don cikakken haske. Bugu da kari, linzamin linzamin kwamfuta (DOLP) shine rabon hasken wutar lantarki na madaidaiciya zuwa jimlar hasken haske, yayin da madauwari mai ma'ana (DOCP) shine rabon ƙarfin haske mai da'irar madauwari zuwa jimlar ƙarfin haske. A rayuwa, fitilun LED na gama gari suna fitar da wani ɗan ƙaramin haske.
2.4 Juyawa tsakanin jihohin polarization
Yawancin abubuwa masu gani suna da tasiri akan polarization na katako, wanda wani lokaci mai amfani ya sa ran kuma wani lokacin ba a sa ran. Misali, idan an nuna bishiyar haske, polarization ɗinsa yawanci zai canza, a yanayin yanayin hasken halitta, yana nunawa ta saman ruwa, zai zama wani ɗan haske.
Matukar dai katakon ba a nuna ko ya wuce ta kowace matsakaiciyar polarizing ba, yanayinsa ya tsaya tsayin daka. Idan kuna son canza yanayin polarization na katako a ƙididdigewa, zaku iya amfani da ɓangaren gani na polarization don yin hakan. Misali, farantin kwata-kwata wani nau'in polarization ne na gama gari, wanda aka yi shi da kayan kristal birefringent, an raba shi zuwa axis mai sauri da saurin axis, kuma yana iya jinkirta lokacin π/2 (90°) na filin lantarki a layi daya. zuwa ga jinkirin axis, yayin da filin lantarki mai layi daya da axis mai sauri ba shi da wani jinkiri, ta yadda lokacin da hasken wutar lantarki ya faru a kan farantin kwata-kwata a kusurwar polarization na digiri 45, Hasken haske ta hanyar farantin igiyar ruwa ya zama. haske mai madauwari, kamar yadda aka nuna a zanen da ke ƙasa. Na farko, hasken halitta yana canzawa zuwa haske mai layi mai layi tare da polarizer na layi, sannan hasken wutan lantarki mai layi ya wuce ta 1/4 tsayin igiya kuma ya zama haske mai madauwari, kuma ƙarfin hasken ba ya canzawa.
Hakazalika, lokacin da katakon ke tafiya ta gabas ta daban kuma hasken da'irar madauwari mai madauwari ta buga farantin karfe 1/4 a kusurwar polarization digiri 45, katakon da ke wucewa ya zama hasken polarized madaidaiciya.
Za'a iya canza hasken da aka yi daidai da layi zuwa haske mara kyau ta amfani da yanayin haɗin kai da aka ambata a labarin da ya gabata. Bayan hasken wutan da aka yi daidai da layi ya shiga cikin yanayin haɗawa, yana nunawa sau da yawa a cikin sararin samaniya, kuma girgizar filin lantarki ya rushe, ta yadda ƙarshen fitarwa na haɗin haɗin zai iya samun haske mara kyau.
2.5 P haske, S haske da Brewster Angle
Dukansu P-hasken da S-haske suna da layi na layi, wanda aka sanya su a cikin kwatancen juna, kuma suna da amfani yayin la'akari da tunani da refraction na katako. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa, hasken haske yana haskakawa a kan jirgin da ya faru, yana yin tunani da kuma juyayi, kuma jirgin da aka yi da katako na al'ada kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin jirgin da ya faru. P haske (harafin farko na Parallel, ma'ana a layi daya) shine haske wanda shugabanci na polarization yayi daidai da jirgin da ke faruwa, kuma S haske (harafin farko na Senkrecht, ma'ana a tsaye) haske ne wanda jagorancin polarization ya kasance daidai da jirgin da ke faruwa.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, lokacin da hasken halitta ya haskaka kuma ya sake raguwa akan mahaɗar dielectric, hasken da aka nuna da hasken da aka yi amfani da shi sun kasance wani ɓangare na haske na polarized kawai, kawai lokacin da kusurwar da ke faruwa ya kasance wani kusurwa na musamman, yanayin polarization na hasken da aka nuna yana gaba daya daidai da abin da ya faru. jirgin sama S polarization, yanayin polarization na refracted haske yana kusan daidai da abin da ya faru jirgin P polarization, a wannan lokaci takamaiman abin da ya faru Angle ana kiransa Brewster Angle. Lokacin da haske ya faru a kusurwar Brewster, hasken da ke haskakawa da hasken da aka raba suna daidai da juna. Yin amfani da wannan kadara, ana iya samar da haske mai madaidaicin layi.
3 Kammalawa
A cikin wannan takarda, mun gabatar da ainihin ilimin ilimin polarization na gani, haske shine igiyar lantarki ta lantarki, tare da tasirin igiyar ruwa, polarization shine vibration na filin lantarki a cikin hasken haske. Mun gabatar da jahohi na asali guda uku, polarization elliptic, polarization linear da madauwari polarization, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su a aikin yau da kullun. Dangane da nau'i daban-daban na polarization, za a iya raba tushen hasken zuwa haske maras ƙarfi, haske mai haske da cikakken haske, wanda ke buƙatar rarrabewa da nuna bambanci a aikace. Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama da yawa.
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Ƙara: Ginin 1, No.1558, Titin hankali, Qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, china
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-27-2024
