⊙Aberration
A cikin na'urorin gani, lahani na tsarin ruwan tabarau wanda ke sa hotonsa ya karkata daga ka'idodin hoto na paraxial.
- Spherical aberration
Lokacin da hasken haske ya haskaka ta wani fili mai siffar siffar, haskoki a tsakiya suna mayar da hankali ne a wata tazara daban da madubi fiye da haskoki (daidaitacce).A cikin na'urorin hangen nesa na Newtonian, ana amfani da madubai na paraboloidal, yayin da suke mayar da hankali ga dukkan haskoki masu kama da juna zuwa wuri guda.Koyaya, madubin paraboloidal suna fama da suma.
- Chromatic aberration
Wannan aberration yana haifar da launuka daban-daban suna zuwa mayar da hankali a wurare daban-daban.Duk ruwan tabarau suna da ɗan ƙaranci na chromatic aberration.Ruwan tabarau na Achromatic sun ƙunshi aƙalla launuka biyu masu zuwa ga ma'ana gama gari.Achromatic refractors yawanci ana gyara su don samun kore, kuma ko dai ja ko shuɗi sun zo ga kowa da kowa, suna watsi da violet.Wannan yana haifar da waɗancan violet masu haske ko shuɗi masu launin shuɗi a kusa da Vega ko wata, yayin da launukan kore da ja ke zuwa don mai da hankali, amma tunda violet ko shuɗi ba su kasance ba, waɗannan launuka ba su da hankali kuma suna da duhu.
- Koma
Wannan ɓarna ce ta kashe-kashe, wato, abubuwa ne kawai (don manufarmu, taurari) waɗanda ba a tsakiyar hoton suke shafa ba.Hasken hasken da ke shiga tsarin gani daga tsakiya a kusurwa yana mai da hankali a wurare daban-daban fiye da waɗanda ke shiga tsarin gani akan ko kusa da axis na gani.Wannan yana haifar da wani hoto mai kama da tauraro mai wutsiya nesa da tsakiyar hoton.
- Curvature filin
Filin da ake magana a kai shi ne ainihin jirgin sama, ko kuma jirgin da ke wurin da kayan aikin gani.Don daukar hoto, wannan jirgin a haƙiƙataccen tsari ne (lebur), amma wasu na'urorin gani suna ba da jirage masu lankwasa.A gaskiya ma, yawancin na'urorin hangen nesa suna da ɗan ƙima na filin wasa.Wani lokaci ana kiransa Petzval Field Curvature, kamar yadda jirgin da hoton ya fado ana kiransa Petzval surface.A al'ada, lokacin da ake magana da shi azaman ɓarna, curvature ɗin yana daidaitawa a cikin hoton, ko kuma yana jujjuyawa game da axis na gani.
- Karya - ganga
Haɓaka haɓakawa daga tsakiya zuwa ƙarshen hoto.Wani murabba'i ya ƙare yana kallon kumbura, ko mai kama da ganga.
- Karya - pincusshind
Rage girma daga tsakiya zuwa gefen hoto.Wani murabba'i yana ƙarewa yana neman tsinke, kamar tsumma.
- Fatalwa
Mahimmanci tsinkayar hoto na waje ko haske a cikin filin kallo.Yawanci kawai matsala tare da ɓangarorin idanu marasa kyau da haske.
- Tasirin katako na koda
Matsalar Televue 12mm Nagler Type 2 mara kyau.Idan idonka bai kasance a tsakiya daidai da FIELD LENS ba, kuma daidai da axis na gani, ɓangaren hoton yana da baƙar wake wake yana toshe ɓangaren kallonka.
⊙Achromat
Ruwan tabarau wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu ko fiye, yawanci na rawani da gilashin dutse, wanda aka gyara don ɓarnawar chromatic dangane da zaɓaɓɓun raƙuman zaɓaɓɓu biyu.Hakanan aka sani da ruwan tabarau na achromatic.
⊙Rufewar tunani
Wani bakin ciki na kayan da aka yi amfani da shi a saman ruwan tabarau don rage yawan adadin kuzari.
⊙Aspherical
Ba mai siffar zobe ba;wani nau'in gani yana da sama ɗaya ko fiye waɗanda ba su da siffar zobe.Za a iya ɗan canza yanayin fuskar ruwan tabarau ta yadda za a rage ɓarnar da ke kewaye.
⊙Astigmatism
Rushewar ruwan tabarau wanda ke haifar da tangential da sagittal hoton jiragen sama ana raba su axially.Wannan wani nau'i ne na murƙushe filin inda filin kallo yake lanƙwasa daban don haskoki masu shiga tsarin a mabambantan daidaitawa.Dangane da na'urorin gani na hangen nesa, ASTIGMATISM yana fitowa ne daga madubi ko ruwan tabarau mai ɗan bambanta TSIRAR FOCAL idan aka auna su ta hanya ɗaya a saman hoton hoton, fiye da lokacin da aka auna daidai da wancan.
⊙Baya mai da hankali
Nisa daga saman na ƙarshe na ruwan tabarau zuwa hoton hotonsa.
⊙Beamsplitter
Na'urar gani don raba katako zuwa katako guda biyu ko fiye daban daban.
⊙Rubutun Broadband
Rubutun da ke ma'amala tare da ingantattun bandwidth mai faɗi.
⊙Cibiyar
Adadin karkatar da axis na gani na ruwan tabarau daga axis na inji.
⊙Mudubi mai sanyi
Tace masu watsa tsayin raƙuman ruwa a cikin yanki na infrared (> 700 nm) kuma suna nuna tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa.
⊙Dielectric shafi
Rufaffen da ke ƙunshe da sauye-sauyen yadudduka na fina-finai na mafi girman ma'anar refractive da ƙananan ma'anar refractive.
⊙Diffraction Limited girma
Abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin gani wanda kawai tasirin diffraction ke ƙayyade ingancin hoton da yake samarwa.
⊙Ingantacciyar manufa
Nisa daga babban batu zuwa wurin mai da hankali.
⊙F lamba
Matsakaicin daidai tsayin hangen nesa na ruwan tabarau zuwa diamita na ɗalibin shigarsa.
⊙FWHM
Cikakken nisa a rabin matsakaicin.
⊙Infrared IR
Tsawon tsayi sama da 760 nm, ganuwa ga idanu.
⊙Laser
Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙolin haske waɗanda ke monochromatic, daidaitacce, kuma sun haɗu sosai.
⊙Laser diode
Diode mai fitar da haske wanda aka ƙera don amfani da ƙyalli mai kuzari don samar da ingantaccen fitowar haske.
⊙Girmamawa
Rabon girman hoton abu da na abu.
⊙Multilayer shafi
Rubutun da aka yi sama da yadudduka da yawa na kayan da ke da madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaici da ƙarami.
⊙Neutral yawa tace
Matsakaicin tsaka-tsaki suna tacewa, tsaga, ko haɗa katako a cikin kewayon ma'aunin rashin haske ba tare da wani muhimmin dogaro ga tsayin igiyar ruwa ba.
⊙Buɗewar lamba
Sine na kwana da aka yi ta gefen ray na ruwan tabarau tare da axis na gani.
⊙Manufar
Abun gani wanda ke karɓar haske daga abu kuma ya samar da hoton farko ko na farko a cikin na'urorin hangen nesa da na'urorin gani.
⊙Axis na gani
Layin da ke wucewa ta cikin duka cibiyoyin curvatures na saman gani na ruwan tabarau.
⊙Fitilar gani
Wani yanki na gilashi, pyrex, ko ma'adini yana da saman ɗaya ko duka biyu a hankali ƙasa da kuma goge plano, gabaɗaya lebur zuwa ƙasa da kashi goma na tsawon zango.
⊙Paraxial
Halayen nazarce-nazarcen gani waɗanda ke iyakance ga ƙananan buɗe ido marasa iyaka.
⊙Parfocal
Samun maki mai daidaituwa.
⊙Fitowa
Ƙananan rami mai kaifi, ana amfani da shi azaman buɗe ido ko ruwan tabarau.
⊙Polarization
Bayanin daidaitawar layin wutar lantarki a cikin filin lantarki.
⊙Tunani
Komawar radiation ta wani wuri, ba tare da canji a tsawon zango ba.
⊙Tunani
Lankwasawa na haskoki na faruwa a lokacin da suke wucewa daga matsakaici.
⊙Indexididdigar refractive
Matsakaicin saurin haske a cikin vacuum zuwa saurin haske a cikin abin da ke jujjuyawa don wani tsayin da aka ba da shi.
⊙Sag
Tsawon lanƙwasa da aka auna daga maƙarƙashiya.
⊙Tace a sarari
Tsawon lanƙwasa da aka auna daga maƙarƙashiya.
⊙Striae
Rashin ajizanci a cikin gilashin gani mai ƙunshe da keɓantaccen ɗigon abu na zahiri yana da maƙasudin raɗaɗi kaɗan daban-daban daga jikin gilashin.
⊙Telecentric ruwan tabarau
Ruwan tabarau wanda wurin tsayawa yana tsaye a gaban mayar da hankali, wanda ya haifar da manyan haskoki suna daidai da axis na gani a sararin hoto;watau almajirin fita ba shi da iyaka.
⊙Hoto
Lens ɗin da aka gina don haka tsayinsa gabaɗaya yayi daidai da ko ƙasa da tsayinsa mai inganci.
⊙TIR
Rays da ke faruwa a ciki a kan iyakar iska/gilasi a kusurwoyi mafi girma fiye da mahimmin kusurwa ana nuna su tare da inganci 100% ba tare da la'akari da yanayin polarization na farko ba.
⊙Watsawa
A cikin na'urorin gani, tafiyar da makamashi mai haske ta hanyar matsakaici.
⊙ UV
Yankin da ba a iya gani na bakan da ke ƙasa da 380 nm.
⊙V kofi
Anti-tunani don takamaiman tsayin igiyar ruwa tare da kusan 0 tunani, wanda ake kira saboda siffar V na lanƙwan sikanin.
⊙Vignetting
Rage hasken da ke nesa da axis na gani a cikin tsarin gani wanda ya haifar da yanke haskoki na kashe-axis ta hanyar buɗaɗɗen tsarin.
⊙Nakasar wavefront
Tashi daga gaban igiyar ruwa daga madaidaicin wuri saboda ƙarancin ƙira ko ingancin saman.
⊙Waveplate
Waveplates, kuma aka sani da retardation plates, abubuwa ne masu ban mamaki tare da gatari biyu na gani, ɗaya mai sauri kuma ɗaya a hankali.Waveplates suna haifar da cikakken-, rabi- da kwata-kwata raƙuman raƙuman ruwa.
⊙Tsaki
Abun gani yana da filaye masu karkata jirgin sama.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-10-2023