Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gani a cikin ƙira da masana'anta na wani sashi ko tsarin don kwatanta yadda ya dace da wasu buƙatun aiki.Suna da amfani don dalilai guda biyu: na farko, sun ƙayyade iyakokin da aka yarda da su na maɓalli masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tafiyar da aikin tsarin;na biyu, sun fayyace adadin albarkatun (watau lokaci da farashi) da ya kamata a kashe wajen kera kayayyaki.Na'urar gani na iya wahala daga ko dai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, duka biyun na iya haifar da kashe albarkatun da ba dole ba.Paralight Optics yana ba da ingantattun na'urorin gani masu tsada don biyan ainihin buƙatun ku.
Don samun kyakkyawar fahimtar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gani, yana da mahimmanci a koyi abin da suke nufi.Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen gabatarwar mafi yawan ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kusan dukkanin abubuwan gani.
Ƙayyadaddun Ƙira
Haƙuri na Diamita
Haƙuri na diamita na ɓangaren gani na madauwari yana ba da ƙimar ƙimar yarda don diamita.Haƙuri na diamita ba shi da wani tasiri akan aikin gani na na'urar gani da kanta, duk da haka yana da matukar mahimmanci juriya na injina da za a yi la'akari da shi idan za a ɗora na'urar a kowane nau'in mariƙin.Misali, idan diamita na ruwan tabarau na gani ya karkata daga ƙimar sa na ƙima, mai yiyuwa ne za a iya raba kusurwar injina daga axis na gani a cikin taron da aka ɗora, don haka yana haifar da ƙayatarwa.
Hoto 1: Rage Hasken Haɗin Kai
Wannan ƙayyadaddun masana'anta na iya bambanta dangane da fasaha da iyawar ƙera na musamman.Paralight Optics na iya kera ruwan tabarau daga diamita 0.5mm zuwa 500mm, haƙuri zai iya isa iyakar +/- 0.001mm.
| Tebura 1: Haƙurin Samfura don Diamita | |
| Haƙuri na Diamita | Darajojin inganci |
| +0.00/-0.10 mm | Na al'ada |
| +0.00/-0.050 mm | Daidaitawa |
| +0.000/-0.010 | Babban Madaidaici |
Hakuri na kauri na tsakiya
Matsakaicin kauri na ɓangaren gani, galibin ruwan tabarau, shine kauri na kayan da aka auna a tsakiya.Ana auna kauri na tsakiya a fadin injin injin ruwan tabarau, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin axis daidai tsakanin gefuna na waje.Bambance-bambancen kauri na tsakiyar ruwan tabarau na iya rinjayar aikin gani saboda kauri na tsakiya, tare da radius na curvature, yana ƙayyade tsawon hanyar gani na hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau.
Hoto 2: Hoto na CT, ET & FL
| Tebura 2: Haƙurin Samar da Haƙuri don Kaurin Cibiyar | |
| Hakuri na kauri na tsakiya | Darajojin inganci |
| +/- 0.10 mm | Na al'ada |
| +/- 0.050 mm | Daidaitawa |
| +/- 0.010 mm | Babban Madaidaici |
Gefen Kauri Ayoyin Cibiyar Kauri
Daga misalan zane-zane na sama da ke nuna kauri na tsakiya, tabbas kun lura cewa kaurin ruwan tabarau ya bambanta daga gefen zuwa tsakiyar na'urar gani.Babu shakka, wannan aiki ne na radius na curvature da sag.Plano-convex, biconvex da ingantattun ruwan tabarau na meniscus suna da kauri mafi girma a cibiyoyin su fiye da na gefen.Don concave na plano-concave, biconcave da korau meniscus ruwan tabarau, kauri na tsakiya koyaushe ya fi bakin ciki fiye da kauri.Masu zanen gani gabaɗaya suna ƙayyadad da kauri da kauri a kan zanensu, suna jure wa ɗayan waɗannan ma'auni, yayin da suke amfani da ɗayan azaman ma'auni.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba tare da ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan ba, ba shi yiwuwa a gane siffar ƙarshe na ruwan tabarau.
Hoto na 3: Zane-zane na CE, ET, BEF da EFL
Bambancin Kauri / Edge (ETD)
Wedge, wani lokacin ana kiransa ETD ko ETV (Bambancin Kauri) ra'ayi ne madaidaiciya don fahimta dangane da ƙirar ruwan tabarau da ƙirƙira.Ainihin, wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana sarrafa yadda daidaitattun saman biyu na ruwan tabarau suke da juna.Duk wani bambance-bambance daga layi daya na iya sa hasken da ake watsawa ya karkata daga hanyarsa, tunda manufar ita ce mayar da hankali ko kuma karkatar da haske ta hanyar sarrafawa, saboda haka tsinke yana gabatar da karkatacciyar hanyar haske.Za'a iya ƙayyadaddun ƙugiya cikin sharuddan karkacewar kusurwa (kuskuren tsakiya) tsakanin filayen watsawa biyu ko juriya ta zahiri akan bambancin kauri na gefen, wannan yana wakiltar rashin daidaituwa tsakanin injina da gatura na gani na ruwan tabarau.
Hoto 4: Kuskuren Tsayawa
Sagitta (Sagitta)
Radius na curvature yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da Sagitta, wanda aka fi sani da Sag a cikin masana'antar gani.A cikin sharuddan lissafi, Sagitta yana wakiltar nisa daga ainihin tsakiyar baka zuwa tsakiyar tushe.A cikin na'urorin gani, Sag yana shafi ko dai madaidaicin madaidaicin ko madaidaici kuma yana wakiltar tazara ta zahiri tsakanin ma'auni (mafi girma ko mafi ƙasƙanci) ma'ana tare da lanƙwasa da tsakiyar tsakiyar layin da aka zana daidai da lanƙwasa daga gefe ɗaya na na gani zuwa sauran.Hoton da ke ƙasa yana ba da hoton gani na Sag.
Hoto na 5: Hoto na Sag
Sag yana da mahimmanci saboda yana samar da wurin tsakiya don radius na curvature, don haka ƙyale masu ƙirƙira su sanya radius daidai a kan na'urar gani, kazalika, kafa duka tsakiya da kauri na na gani.Ta hanyar sanin radius na curvature, da kuma, diamita na na'urar gani, ana iya ƙididdige Sag ta hanyar da ke gaba.
Inda:
R = radius na curvature
d = diamita
Radius na Curvature
Mafi mahimmancin al'amari na ruwan tabarau shine radius na curvature, yana da mahimmanci kuma ma'auni na aiki na filaye masu kyan gani, wanda ke buƙatar kulawar inganci yayin masana'anta.An ayyana radius na curvature azaman nisa tsakanin ƙarshen ɓangaren abin gani da tsakiyar curvature.Yana iya zama tabbatacce, sifili, ko korau dangane da ko saman yana da ma'ana, plano, ko concave, cikin girmamawa.
Sanin darajar radius na curvature da kauri na tsakiya yana ba mutum damar sanin tsawon hanyar gani tsawon hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau ko madubi, amma kuma yana taka rawa sosai wajen tantance ƙarfin gani na saman, wanda shine yadda ƙarfin gani yake. tsarin yana haɗuwa ko rarraba haske.Masu zanen gani suna bambanta tsakanin tsayi da gajere tsawon tsayin daka ta hanyar kwatanta adadin ƙarfin gani na ruwan tabarau.Gajerun tsayin dakaru, waɗanda ke lanƙwasa haske da sauri don haka suna samun mai da hankali a cikin ɗan gajeren nesa daga tsakiyar ruwan tabarau an ce suna da ƙarfin gani, yayin da waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan haske a hankali an bayyana su da ƙarancin ƙarfin gani.Radius na curvature yana bayyana tsayin daka na ruwan tabarau, hanya mai sauƙi don ƙididdige tsayin daka don siraran ruwan tabarau ana bayar da Ƙimar Lens na Lens na Tsarin Lens-Maker's Formula.Lura, wannan dabarar tana aiki ne kawai don ruwan tabarau waɗanda kaurinsu ƙanƙanta ne idan aka kwatanta da tsayin ƙididdiga.
Inda:
f = tsayin hankali
n = fihirisa mai jujjuyawa na kayan ruwan tabarau
r1 = radius na curvature don saman mafi kusa da hasken da ya faru
r2 = radius na curvature don saman mafi nisa daga hasken da ya faru
Domin sarrafa kowane bambance-bambance a cikin tsayin hankali, don haka masu aikin gani suna buƙatar ayyana haƙurin radius.Hanya ta farko ita ce a yi amfani da juriya mai sauƙi na inji, misali, ana iya bayyana radius a matsayin 100 +/- 0.1mm.A irin wannan yanayin, radius na iya bambanta tsakanin 99.9mm da 100.1mm.Hanya ta biyu ita ce a yi amfani da juriyar radiyo dangane da kashi.Yin amfani da radius na 100mm iri ɗaya, mai gani zai iya tantance cewa curvature bazai bambanta fiye da 0.5% ba, ma'ana radius dole ne ya faɗi tsakanin 99.5mm da 100.5mm.Hanya ta uku ita ce ayyana haƙuri akan tsayin daka, mafi yawan lokuta dangane da kashi.Misali, ruwan tabarau mai tsayi mai tsayi 500mm na iya samun juriyar +/-1% wanda ke fassara zuwa 495mm zuwa 505mm.Haɗa waɗannan tsayin dakaru cikin madaidaicin ruwan tabarau na bakin ciki yana ba masu ƙirƙira damar samun juriyar injina akan radius na curvature.
Hoto 6: Haƙurin Radius a Cibiyar Curvature
| Tebura 3: Haƙurin Samfura don Radius na Curvature | |
| Radius of Curvature Tolerances | Darajojin inganci |
| +/-0.5mm | Na al'ada |
| +/- 0.1% | Daidaitawa |
| +/-0.01% | Babban Madaidaici |
A aikace, masu ƙirƙira na gani suna amfani da nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban don cancantar radius na curvature akan ruwan tabarau.Na farko zoben spherometer ne da ke haɗe da ma'aunin ma'auni.Ta hanyar kwatanta bambancin lanƙwasa tsakanin “zobe” da aka ƙayyade da radius na lanƙwasa, masu ƙirƙira za su iya tantance ko ƙarin gyara ya zama dole don cimma radius ɗin da ya dace.Har ila yau, akwai adadin na'urori na dijital a kasuwa don ƙarin daidaito.Wata ingantacciyar hanya ita ce mai sarrafa lamba ta atomatik wanda ke amfani da bincike don auna madaidaicin kwandon ruwan tabarau.A ƙarshe, ana iya amfani da hanyar interferometry ba tare da tuntuɓar juna ba don ƙirƙirar ƙirar gefuna mai iya ƙididdige nisa ta zahiri tsakanin saman sararin sama zuwa daidai tsakiyar curvature.
Cibiyar
Hakanan ana san cibiyar ta hanyar tsakiya ko kuma mai ladabi.Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, cibiyar tana sarrafa daidaiton wurin radius na curvature.Madaidaicin radius na tsakiya zai daidaita daidai gwargwado (tsakiya) na curvate zuwa diamita na waje.Misali, ruwan tabarau na plano-convex mai diamita na 20mm zai kasance yana da madaidaiciyar radius na tsakiya idan an saita juzu'in madaidaiciya daidai 10mm daga kowane wuri tare da diamita na waje.Don haka yana biye da cewa masu ƙirƙira na gani dole ne suyi la'akari da axis X da Y yayin sarrafa cibiyar kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
Hoto na 7: Zane na Ƙarfafawa
Adadin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ruwan tabarau shine ƙaura ta zahiri na axis na injina daga axis na gani.Axis na inji na ruwan tabarau shine kawai axis na geometric na ruwan tabarau kuma ana siffanta shi da silinda na waje.Axis na gani na ruwan tabarau an bayyana shi ta hanyar filaye na gani kuma shine layin da ke haɗa cibiyoyin curvature na saman.
Hoto na 8: Zane na Ƙarfafawa
| Tebura 4: Haƙuri na masana'antu don Cibiyar | |
| Cibiyar | Darajojin inganci |
| +/- 5 Arcminites | Na al'ada |
| +/- 3 Arcminutes | Daidaitawa |
| +/- 30 seconds | Babban Madaidaici |
Daidaituwa
Daidaituwa yana bayyana yadda saman biyu suke daidai da juna.Yana da amfani wajen tantance abubuwan da aka gyara kamar tagogi da polarizers inda saman layi daya suka dace don aikin tsarin saboda suna rage murdiya wanda zai iya lalata hoto ko ingancin haske.Haƙuri na yau da kullun yana daga 5 arcminutes zuwa ƴan arcseconds kamar haka:
| Tebur 5: Samar da haƙuri don daidaitawa | |
| Jurewar Daidaituwa | Darajojin inganci |
| +/- 5 Arcminites | Na al'ada |
| +/- 3 Arcminutes | Daidaitawa |
| +/- 30 Arcseconds | Babban Madaidaici |
Hakuri na kwana
A cikin abubuwa kamar prisms da beamsplitters, kusurwoyi tsakanin saman suna da mahimmanci ga aikin na gani.Wannan jurewar kwana yawanci ana auna ta ta hanyar amfani da haɗin gwiwar autocollimator, wanda tsarin tushen haskensa yana fitar da hasken da ya haɗu.Ana juya autocollimator game da saman na'urar gani har sai sakamakon Fresnel ya koma cikinsa ya samar da wuri a saman saman da ake dubawa.Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa katakon da aka haɗu yana bugun saman a daidai abin da ya faru na al'ada.Ana juya gaba dayan taron autocollimator a kusa da na'urar gani zuwa saman gani na gaba kuma ana maimaita hanya iri ɗaya.Hoto na 3 yana nuna ma'aunin jurewar kwana na saitin autocollimator.Ana amfani da bambancin kwana tsakanin ma'auni biyu don ƙididdige haƙuri tsakanin saman gani biyu.Ana iya ɗaukar haƙurin kusurwa zuwa juriya na ƴan arcminutes har zuwa ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan.
Hoto na 9: Haƙurin Haƙuri na Ƙaura Mai Saurin Ƙaƙwalwar Kai
Bevel
Sassan sasanninta na iya zama mai rauni sosai, don haka, yana da mahimmanci don kare su lokacin da ake sarrafawa ko hawa kayan aikin gani.Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don kare waɗannan sasanninta ita ce karkatar da gefuna.Bevels suna aiki azaman masu karewa kuma suna hana guntuwar gefuna.Da fatan za a duba tebur mai zuwa 5 don ƙayyadaddun bevel don mabanbantan diamita.
| Tebur 6: Iyakokin Kera don Madaidaicin Face Face na Bevel | |
| Diamita | Matsakaicin Face Face na Bevel |
| 3.00-5.00mm | 0.25mm |
| 25.41mm - 50.00mm | 0.3mm ku |
| 50.01mm - 75.00mm | 0.4mm |
Share Budewa
Bayyanar buɗe ido yana sarrafa abin da ɓangaren ruwan tabarau dole ne ya bi duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aka bayyana a sama.An ayyana shi azaman diamita ko girman kayan gani ko dai ta hanyar inji ko ta kashi wanda dole ne ya dace da takamaiman bayani, a waje da shi, masu ƙirƙira ba su da tabbacin na'urar gani za ta bi ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Misali, ruwan tabarau na iya samun diamita na 100mm kuma bayyanannen buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido kamar ko dai 95mm ko 95%.Ko wace hanya ce mai karɓa amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna a matsayin ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya, mafi girman buɗewar buɗe ido, mafi wahalar gani shine samarwa tunda yana tura halayen aikin da ake buƙata kusa da kusa da gefen zahirin gani.
Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan masana'antu, ba zai yuwu ba a iya samar da fili mai faɗi daidai da diamita, ko tsayi da faɗin na gani.
Hoto na 10: Hoton Hoton Yana Nuna Bayyanar Buɗewa da Diamita na ruwan tabarau
| Tebur 7: Bayyana Haƙuri na Budewa | |
| Diamita | Share Budewa |
| 3.00mm - 10.00mm | 90% na Diamita |
| 10.01mm - 50.00mm | Diamita - 1 mm |
| ≥ 50.01mm | Diamita - 1.5 mm |
Don ƙarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, da fatan za a duba kas ɗin mu ko samfuran da aka fito da su.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-20-2023