1 Ma'anar da abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar ƙasa
Lalacewar Sub-surface na kayan aikin gani (SSD, lalacewar sub-surface) galibi ana ambaton su a cikin ingantattun aikace-aikacen gani kamar su tsauraran tsarin Laser da injunan lithography, kuma kasancewar sa yana iyakance daidaiton aiki na ƙarshe na abubuwan gani na gani kuma yana ƙara shafar hoto. aiki na tsarin gani, don haka yana buƙatar kulawa sosai. Lalacewar ƙasa yawanci ana siffanta ta da tsagewar da ke cikin saman sigar da matakan damuwa na ciki, waɗanda wasu ke haifarwa ta wasu ragowar rarrabuwar kawuna da nakasar abun da ke cikin ƙasa kusa. Ana nuna samfurin lalacewa na ƙasa kamar haka: saman saman shine Layer na ruwa mai gogewa, sa'an nan kuma ɓangarorin lahani da nakasar damuwa shine Layer na ƙasa, kuma kayan abu ba tare da lalacewa ba shine Layer na ciki. Daga cikin su, ɓangarorin ɓarna da ɓarnawar damuwa suna lalata ƙasa.
Samfurin lalacewar ƙasa na kayan gani
Na gani aka gyara na kayan ne gaba ɗaya gilashin, tukwane da sauran wuya da gaggautsa kayan, a farkon aiki mataki na aka gyara, bukatar tafi ta hanyar milling gyare-gyaren, lafiya nika da m polishing matakai, a cikin wadannan matakai, inji nika da sinadaran halayen wanzu. da kuma taka rawa. The abrasive ko abrasive kayan aiki a lamba tare da surface na kashi yana da halaye na m barbashi size, da kuma da karfi na kowane lamba batu a kan surface na kashi ba uniform, don haka convex da concave Layer da ciki crack Layer zai. a samar a kan gilashin surface. Abubuwan da ke cikin fashewar Layer shine ɓangaren da ya karye yayin aikin niƙa, amma bai faɗo daga saman ba, don haka lalacewar ƙasa za ta haifar. Ko yana da abrasive nika sako-sako da barbashi ko CNC nika, wannan sabon abu za a kafa a saman kayan. Ana nuna ainihin tasirin lalacewar ƙasa a cikin adadi mai zuwa:
Lalacewar ƙasa
2 Hanyoyin auna lalacewar ƙasa
Tunda ba za a iya yin watsi da lalacewar ƙasa ba, dole ne masana'antun kayan aikin gani su sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata. Don sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata, ya zama dole don gano daidai da kuma gano girman lalacewar ƙasa a saman ɓangaren, tun farkon ƙarni na ƙarshe, mutane sun haɓaka hanyoyi daban-daban don aunawa da kimanta girman girman. na lalacewar da ke cikin ƙasa na ɓangaren, bisa ga yanayin matakin tasiri akan ɓangaren gani, ana iya raba shi zuwa kashi biyu: ma'auni mai lalacewa da ma'auni mara lalacewa (gwajin mara lalacewa).
Hanyar auna lalacewa, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, ita ce buƙatar canza yanayin farfajiyar na'urar gani, ta yadda za a iya bayyana lalacewar ƙasan da ba ta da sauƙin gani, sannan a yi amfani da na'urar microscope da sauran kayan aikin don lura da yanayin. Hanyar aunawa, wannan hanya yawanci tana ɗaukar lokaci, amma sakamakon aunanta abin dogaro ne kuma daidai. Hanyoyin auna marasa lalacewa, waɗanda ba su haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga ɓangaren ɓangaren ba, suna amfani da haske, sauti, ko wasu raƙuman ruwa na lantarki don gano lalacewar ƙasa, da kuma amfani da adadin canje-canjen dukiya da suke faruwa a cikin Layer don tantance girman girman. SSD, irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna da ingantacciyar dacewa da sauri, amma yawanci abin lura ne. Dangane da wannan rarrabuwa, ana nuna hanyoyin gano halin yanzu don lalacewar ƙasa a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Rabewa da taƙaita hanyoyin gano lalacewar ƙasa
Takaitaccen bayanin waɗannan hanyoyin aunawa kamar haka:
A. Hanyoyi masu lalacewa
a) Hanyar goge baki
Kafin bayyanar polishing magnetorheological, ma'aikatan gani yawanci suna amfani da Taper polishing don nazarin lalacewar ƙasa na abubuwan da suka shafi gani, wato, yanke farfajiyar gani tare da kusurwar da ba ta dace ba don samar da saman ciki, sannan kuma goge saman da ba a taɓa gani ba. An yi imani da cewa goge-goge ba zai ƙara tsananta lalacewar ƙasa ta asali ba. Za a fi bayyana fashewar Layer na SSD ta hanyar lalatawar nutsewa tare da reagents na sinadarai. Za'a iya auna zurfin, tsayi da sauran bayanan ɓarnar lalacewa ta ƙasa ta hanyar kallo na gani na saman da aka karkata bayan nutsewa. Daga baya masana kimiyya sun kirkiri hanyar dimpling ball (Ball dimpling), wato yin amfani da kayan aikin goge gogen da za a goge saman bayan an yi nika, a zubar da rami, zurfin ramin yana bukatar ya yi zurfi sosai, ta yadda za a yi bincike. na gefen ramin zai iya samun bayanan lalacewar ƙasa na ainihin farfajiyar.
Hanyoyi gama gari don gano lalacewar ƙasa na abubuwan gani
Magnetorheological polishing (MRF) wata dabara ce da ke amfani da tsiri na ruwa mai maganadisu don goge kayan aikin gani, wanda ya bambanta da gogewar kwalta/polyurethane na gargajiya. A cikin hanyar polishing na gargajiya, kayan aikin polishing yawanci yana yin babban ƙarfi na al'ada akan saman gani, yayin da Mista Polishing yana kawar da fuskar gani a cikin hanyar tangential, don haka Mista Polishing baya canza ainihin halayen lalacewar ƙasa na fuskar gani. Don haka, ana iya amfani da Mista Polishing don goge tsagi a saman fuskar gani. Sa'an nan kuma ana nazarin yanki mai gogewa don kimanta girman lalacewar ƙasa na asali na gani.
a) Toshe hanyar gluing
Hakanan an yi amfani da wannan hanyar don gwada lalacewar ƙasa. A haƙiƙa, zaɓi samfurin murabba'i mai siffa iri ɗaya da abu ɗaya, goge saman biyu na samfurin, sannan a yi amfani da manne don manne saman samfuran da aka goge tare, sannan a niƙa sassan samfuran biyu tare a wuri ɗaya. lokaci. Bayan nika, ana amfani da reagents na sinadarai don raba samfuran murabba'i biyu. Ana iya ƙididdige girman lalacewar ƙasa da matakin niƙa ya haifar ta hanyar lura da keɓaɓɓen fuskar da aka goge tare da na'urar hangen nesa. Tsarin tsari na tsari na tsarin shine kamar haka:
Tsarin tsari na gano lalacewar ƙasa ta hanyar toshe mannewa
Wannan hanya tana da wasu iyakoki. Saboda akwai wani wuri mai ɗaci, yanayin daɗaɗɗen saman na iya zama ba zai cika yin la'akari da ainihin lalacewar ƙasa a cikin kayan ba bayan niƙa, don haka sakamakon ma'aunin zai iya nuna yanayin SSD kawai zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.
a) Chemical etching
Hanyar tana amfani da abubuwan da suka dace da sinadarai don lalata layin da aka lalace na fuskar gani. Bayan an kammala aikin yashwa, ana ƙididdige lalacewar ƙasa ta hanyar sifar daɗaɗɗen ɓangaren ɓangaren da kuma canjin ma'auni na ƙima. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na sinadarai sune hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF) da sauran abubuwa masu lalata.
b) Hanyar sashe
An rarraba samfurin kuma ana amfani da microscope na lantarki don duba girman lalacewar ƙasa kai tsaye.
c) Hanyar yin rini
Saboda saman Layer na ƙasa na gani na gani ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na microcracks, dyes waɗanda za su iya samar da bambancin launi tare da ma'aunin gani ko bambanci tare da substrate za a iya danna cikin kayan. Idan substrate ya ƙunshi abu mai duhu, ana iya amfani da rini mai kyalli. Lalacewar ƙasan ƙasa sannan za'a iya bincika cikin sauƙi ta gani ko ta hanyar lantarki. Saboda tsagewar yawanci suna da kyau sosai kuma a cikin kayan, lokacin da zurfin shiga cikin shigar rini bai isa ba, ƙila ba zai wakilci ainihin zurfin microcrack ba. Domin samun zurfin tsagewa daidai gwargwado, an samar da hanyoyi da dama don sanya dyes: prepressing na inji da latsawar sanyi mai sanyi, da kuma yin amfani da microanalysis na lantarki (EPMA) don gano alamun rini a cikin ƙananan ƙima.
B, hanyoyin marasa lalacewa
a) Hanyar kimantawa
Hanyar kimantawa galibi tana ƙididdige zurfin lalacewar sub-surface bisa ga girman girman barbashi na kayan abrasive da girman roughness na ɓangaren. Masu bincike suna amfani da adadi mai yawa na gwaje-gwaje don kafa alaƙar da ta dace tsakanin girman barbashi na kayan abrasive da zurfin lalacewar ƙasa, da kuma tebur ɗin da ya dace tsakanin girman yanayin tarkace na ɓangaren da ƙananan. lalacewar ƙasa. Za'a iya ƙididdige lalacewar da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa na ɓangaren ɓangaren yanzu ta amfani da wasiƙun su.
b) Haɗin kai na gani (OCT)
Hoton hoto na haɗin kai na gani, ainihin ƙa'idarsa shine tsangwama na Michelson, yana kimanta bayanan da aka auna ta hanyar siginar tsangwama na katako biyu na haske. Ana amfani da wannan dabarar don lura da kyallen jikin kwayoyin halitta da ba da zane-zane na sassan sassan jikin nama. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da fasaha na OCT don lura da lalacewar ƙasa ta fuskar gani, dole ne a yi la'akari da siga mai jujjuyawa na samfurin da aka auna don samun ainihin zurfin fashe. Hanyar za a iya ba da rahoton gano lahani a zurfin 500μm tare da ƙuduri na tsaye fiye da 20μm. Koyaya, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don gano SSD na kayan gani, hasken da ke nunawa daga Layer SSD yana da rauni sosai, don haka yana da wahala a samar da tsangwama. Bugu da ƙari, watsar da ƙasa kuma zai shafi sakamakon ma'auni, kuma ana buƙatar inganta daidaiton ma'auni.
c) Hanyar watsawar Laser
Har ila yau, an yi nazari sosai game da hasken wutar lantarki na Laser a saman hoton hoto, ta yin amfani da kaddarorin watsawa na Laser don tantance girman lalacewar ƙasa. Na kowa sun haɗa da Total ciki refection microscopy (TIRM), Confocal Laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), da intersecting polarization confocal microscopy (CPCM). giciye-polarization confocal microscopy, da dai sauransu.
d) Na'urar duba microscope
Duban ƙararrakin ƙararrawa (SAM), azaman hanyar ganowa na ultrasonic, hanya ce ta gwaji mara lalacewa wacce ake amfani da ita don gano lahani na ciki. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar yawanci don auna samfurori tare da filaye masu santsi. Lokacin da saman samfurin ya kasance mai tsanani, za a rage daidaiton ma'auni saboda tasirin raƙuman ruwa mai tarwatsewa.
3 Hanyoyin sarrafa lalacewar ƙasa
Babban burin mu ne don sarrafa yadda ya kamata a sarrafa lalacewar ƙasa na kayan aikin gani da samun abubuwan da ke cire SSDS gaba ɗaya. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, zurfin lalacewar sub-surface yana daidai da girman girman ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, saboda haka, ta hanyar rage granularity na nika, kuma cikakke. niƙa, za ka iya yadda ya kamata inganta mataki na sub-surface lalacewa. Zane-zane na sarrafa lalacewar ƙasa a cikin matakai ana nuna shi a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Ana sarrafa lalacewar ƙasa a cikin matakai
Mataki na farko na niƙa zai cika cikakken cire lalacewar ƙasa a kan sararin samaniya kuma ya haifar da sabon subsurface a cikin wannan mataki, sa'an nan kuma a mataki na biyu na nika, ya zama dole a cire SSD da aka samar a mataki na farko kuma ya haifar da sabon lalacewar ƙasa. sake, aiki bi da bi, da kuma sarrafa barbashi size da kuma tsarki na abrasive, da kuma a karshe samu sa ran Tantancewar surface. Wannan kuma ita ce dabarun sarrafawa wanda masana'antun gani suka bi tsawon daruruwan shekaru.
Bugu da kari, bayan aikin nika, tsintar saman bangaren na iya kawar da lalacewar da ke karkashin kasa yadda ya kamata, ta yadda za a inganta yanayin da kuma inganta yadda ake sarrafa shi.
Tuntuɓar:
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Yanar Gizo:www.pliroptics.com
Ƙara: Ginin 1, No.1558, Titin hankali, Qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, china
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-18-2024
