Menene Infrared Optics?

1) Gabatarwa zuwa Infrared Optics

Ana amfani da Infrared Optics don tattarawa, mayar da hankali ko haɗa haske a cikin kewayon tsayi tsakanin 760 zuwa 14,000 nm. Wannan yanki na IR radiation an ƙara zuwa kashi huɗu daban-daban spectral jeri:

Kusa da kewayon Infrared (NIR)	700-900 nm
Kewayon Infrared Short-Wave (SWIR)	900-2300 nm
Kewayon Infrared na Tsakiyar Wave (MWIR)	3000-5000 nm
Infrared mai tsayi mai tsayi (LWIR)	8000-14000 nm

2) Infrared Short-Wave (SWIR)

Aikace-aikacen SWIR sun rufe kewayon daga 900 zuwa 2300 nm. Ba kamar hasken MWIR da LWIR da ke fitowa daga abu da kansa ba, SWIR yayi kama da hasken da ake iya gani a ma'anar cewa photons suna haskakawa ko ɗauka ta wani abu, don haka yana samar da bambancin da ya dace don babban ƙuduri. Kafofin hasken halitta kamar hasken fara yanayi da haske na baya (aka nightglow) sune masu fitar da SWIR kuma suna isar da ingantacciyar haske don hoton waje da dare.

Yawan aikace-aikacen da ke da matsala ko ba za a iya yin su ta amfani da haske mai gani ba suna yiwuwa ta amfani da SWIR. Lokacin yin hoto a cikin SWIR, tururin ruwa, hayaƙin wuta, hazo, da wasu kayan kamar silicon suna bayyane. Bugu da ƙari, launuka waɗanda suka bayyana kusan iri ɗaya a bayyane suna iya bambanta cikin sauƙi ta amfani da SWIR.

Ana amfani da hoton SWIR don dalilai da yawa kamar allon lantarki da duban ƙwayoyin rana, samar da dubawa, ganowa da rarrabawa, sa ido, hana jabu, sarrafa ingancin tsari da ƙari.

3) Infrared Mid-Wave (MWIR)

Tsarin MWIR yana aiki a cikin kewayon micron 3 zuwa 5. Lokacin yanke shawara tsakanin tsarin MWIR da LWIR, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Na farko, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi kamar zafi da hazo. Tsarukan MWIR ba su da tasiri da zafi fiye da tsarin LWIR, don haka sun fi dacewa da aikace-aikace kamar sa ido na bakin teku, sa ido kan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa ko kariya ta tashar ruwa.

MWIR yana da mafi girman watsa yanayi fiye da LWIR a yawancin yanayi. Don haka, MWIR gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa don aikace-aikacen sa ido na dogon zango wanda ya wuce nisan kilomita 10 daga abun.

Haka kuma, MWIR kuma shine mafi kyawun zaɓi idan kuna son gano abubuwa masu zafi kamar motoci, jiragen sama ko makamai masu linzami. A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za a iya ganin cewa ƙwanƙwasa masu zafi sun fi gani sosai a cikin MWIR fiye da a cikin LWIR.

4) Infrared mai tsayi (LWIR)

Tsarin LWIR yana aiki a cikin kewayon 8 zuwa 14 micron. An fi son su don aikace-aikace tare da abubuwa masu zafin jiki na kusa. Kyamarar LWIR ba su da tasiri sosai daga rana don haka mafi kyau ga aiki a waje. Yawancin tsarin da ba a sanyaya su ba suna amfani da Focal Plane Array microbolometers, kodayake kyamarorin LWIR masu sanyaya suna wanzu kuma suna amfani da na'urorin gano Mercury Cadmium Tellurium (MCT). Sabanin haka, yawancin kyamarori na MWIR suna buƙatar sanyaya, yin amfani da ko dai nitrogen mai ruwa ko mai sanyaya sake zagayowar Stirling.

Tsarin LWIR yana samun adadin aikace-aikace masu yawa kamar duba gine-gine da ababen more rayuwa, gano lahani, gano iskar gas da ƙari. Kyamarorin LWIR sun taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin bala'in COVID-19 yayin da suke ba da izinin auna zafin jiki cikin sauri da daidaito.

5) Jagorar Zaɓin Substrates IR

Abubuwan IR suna da ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin da ke ba su damar yin aiki da kyau a cikin bakan infrared. IR Fused Silica, Germanium, Silicon, Sapphire, da Zinc Sulfide/Selenide, kowanne yana da ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen infrared.

Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)

Zinc selenide shine launin rawaya mai haske, mai ƙarfi wanda ya ƙunshi zinc da selenium. An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar haɗin zinc tururi da H2 Se gas, suna yin zanen gado akan faifan graphite. An san shi don ƙarancin shayarwa kuma wanda ke ba da izinin amfani mai kyau don laser CO2.

Mafi kyawun Ragewa	Ingantattun Aikace-aikace
0.6-16 m	CO2 Laser da thermometry da spectroscopy, ruwan tabarau, windows, da tsarin FLIR

Germanium (G)

Germanium yana da siffa mai launin toka mai launin toka mai duhu tare da fihirisar raɗaɗi na 4.024 tare da ƙananan tarwatsawar gani. Yana da yawa mai yawa tare da Knoop Hardness (kg/mm2): 780.00 yana ba shi damar yin aiki da kyau don na'urorin gani na filin a cikin yanayi mara kyau.

Mafi kyawun Ragewa	Ingantattun Aikace-aikace
2-16 m	LWIR - MWIR Thermal Hoto (lokacin da AR mai rufi), m yanayin gani

Silicon (S)

Silicon yana da bayyanar shuɗi-launin toka tare da babban ƙarfin zafi wanda ya sa ya dace don madubin laser da wafers na silicon don masana'antar semiconductor. Yana da alamar refractive na 3.42. Ana amfani da abubuwan haɗin siliki a cikin na'urorin lantarki saboda igiyoyin wutar lantarki na iya wucewa ta masu jagoran silicon da sauri idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu gudanarwa, ba shi da yawa fiye da Ge ko ZnSe. Ana ba da shawarar suturar AR don yawancin aikace-aikace.

Mafi kyawun Ragewa	Ingantattun Aikace-aikace
1.2-8 m	MWIR, hoto na NIR, IR spectroscopy, tsarin gano MWIR

Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)

Zinc Sulfide shine kyakkyawan zaɓi don firikwensin infrared yana watsawa da kyau a cikin IR da bakan bayyane. Yawanci zaɓi ne mai inganci akan sauran kayan IR.

Mafi kyawun Ragewa	Ingantattun Aikace-aikace
0.6-18 m	LWIR - MWIR, na'urori masu auna firikwensin infrared na bayyane da tsaka-tsaki ko doguwar igiyar ruwa

Zaɓin zaɓinku na abin da ake amfani da shi da abin rufe fuska na nuni zai dogara ne akan wane tsayin raƙuman ruwa ke buƙatar babban watsawa a cikin aikace-aikacen ku. Misali, idan kuna watsa hasken IR a cikin kewayon MWIR, germanium na iya zama zaɓi mai kyau. Don aikace-aikacen NIR, sapphire na iya zama manufa.

Wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ƙila za ku so kuyi la'akari da su a cikin zaɓinku na infrared optics sun haɗa da kaddarorin thermal da fihirisar refraction. Abubuwan thermal na substrate suna ƙididdige yadda yake amsa ga zafi. Sau da yawa, abubuwan gani na infrared za a fallasa su zuwa yanayin zafi daban-daban. Wasu aikace-aikacen IR kuma suna samar da adadi mai yawa na zafi. Don sanin ko IR substrate ya dace da aikace-aikacen ku kuna so ku duba ma'anar gradient da ƙima na haɓakar thermal (CTE). Idan abin da aka bayar yana da babban gradient mai ƙididdigewa, yana iya samun ingantaccen aikin gani idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi. Idan yana da babban CTE, yana iya faɗaɗa ko kwangila a babban ƙimar da aka ba da babban canjin yanayin zafi. Kayayyakin da aka fi amfani da su a cikin infrared optics sun bambanta sosai a cikin fihirisar karkatarwa. Germanium, alal misali, yana da ginshiƙi na refraction na 4.0003, idan aka kwatanta da 1.413 na MgF. Samar da ma'auni tare da wannan fa'ida mai fa'ida na refraction yana ba da ƙarin sassauci a ƙirar tsarin. Watsewar wani abu na IR yana auna canji a fihirisar tsayin raƙuman ruwa dangane da tsayin raƙuman ruwa da kuma ɓarnawar chromatic, ko rabuwa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa. An ƙididdige tarwatsawa, sabanin, tare da lambar Abbe, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin rabon ma'aunin ma'aunin refractive a d raƙuman raƙuma 1, akan bambanci tsakanin ma'aunin refraction a layin f da c. Idan substrate yana da lambar Abbe mafi girma fiye da 55, ba shi da rarrabuwa kuma muna kiran shi kayan kambi. Ƙarin tarwatsawa tare da lambobin Abbe na ƙasa da 55 ana kiran su kayan dutse.

Infrared Optics Applications

Infrared optics suna da aikace-aikace a fagage da yawa, daga babban ƙarfin CO2 lasers, wanda ke aiki a 10.6 μm, zuwa kyamarori masu ɗaukar hoto na dare (MWIR da LWIR bands) da kuma IR imaging. Hakanan suna da mahimmanci a cikin spectroscopy, kamar yadda sauye-sauyen da aka yi amfani da su wajen gano iskar gas da yawa suna cikin yankin tsakiyar infrared. Muna samar da na'urori masu auna layin laser da kuma abubuwan haɗin infrared waɗanda ke yin aiki da kyau a kan kewayon tsayin tsayi mai tsayi, kuma ƙwararrun ƙungiyarmu na iya ba da cikakken tallafin ƙira da shawarwari.

Paralight Optics yana amfani da kewayon fasahar sarrafawa irin su Single Point Diamond Turning da CNC polishing don samar da madaidaicin ruwan tabarau na Silicon, Germanium da Zinc Sulfide waɗanda ke samun aikace-aikace a cikin kyamarorin MWIR da LWIR. Muna iya cimma daidaito na ƙasa da 0.5 gefuna PV da rashin ƙarfi a cikin kewayon ƙasa da 10 nm.