Dubawa
Ana amfani da na'urorin gani na polarization don canza yanayin polarization na hasken da ya faru. Na'urorin gani na polarization ɗinmu sun haɗa da polarizers, faranti / retarders, depolarizers, masu jujjuyawar faraday, da masu keɓantawar gani sama da UV, bayyane, ko jeri na IR.
1064 nm Faraday Rotator
Mai Ware Wurare Kyauta
Babban Power Nd-YAG Polarizer
Zane na gani akai-akai yana mai da hankali kan tsayin daka da ƙarfin haske, yayin da yake sakaci da karkatar da shi. Polarization, duk da haka, abu ne mai mahimmanci na haske a matsayin igiyar ruwa. Haske shine igiyar wuta ta lantarki, kuma filin lantarki na wannan igiyar yana jujjuya kai tsaye zuwa alkiblar yaduwa. Jihar Polarization tana bayyana yanayin karkatarwar igiyar ruwa dangane da alkiblar yadawa. Ana kiran haske unpolarized idan alkiblar wannan filin lantarki ya jujjuya cikin lokaci. Idan an fayyace alkiblar filin wutar lantarki da kyau, ana kiransa hasken wuta. Mafi yawan tushen hasken polarized shine Laser. Ya danganta da yadda filin lantarki ya daidaita, muna rarraba hasken da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa nau'ikan polarizations guda uku:
★Linear polarization: oscillation da propagation suna cikin jirgi guda.Thefilin lantarki na hasken wuta na layi cnass na biyu perpendicular, daidai a amplitude, mikakke abubuwan da ba su da bambancin lokaci.Sakamakon wutar lantarki na haske yana iyakance ga jirgi ɗaya tare da hanyar yaduwa.
★Da'irar da'ira: daidaitawar hasken yana canzawa akan lokaci a cikin salo mai tsayi. Filin lantarki na hasken ya ƙunshi sassa guda biyu masu layi waɗanda suke daidai da juna, daidai da girman girman, amma suna da bambancin lokaci na π/2. Sakamakon filin lantarki na haske yana juyawa a cikin da'irar kewaye da jagorancin yaduwa.
★Elliptical polarization: filin lantarki na haske mai launi mai launi yana kwatanta ellipse, idan aka kwatanta da da'ira ta hanyar polarization. Ana iya la'akari da wannan filin lantarki a matsayin haɗuwa da sassa biyu na layi tare da amplitudes daban-daban da / ko bambancin lokaci wanda ba π/2 ba. Wannan shine mafi girman bayanin haske na polarized, kuma za'a iya kallon hasken madauwari da madaidaiciyar haske a matsayin lokuta na musamman na hasken elliptical polarized.
Jihohin madaidaicin madaidaici guda biyu ana kiransu "S" da "P",suan bayyana su ta hanyar daidaitawarsu zuwa jirgin abin da ya faru.P-polarized haskewanda ke murzawa a layi daya da wannan jirgin su ne "P", yayin da s-polarized light wanda ke da filin lantarki wanda yake daidai da wannan jirgin shine "S".Polarizerssune mahimman abubuwan gani don sarrafa polarization ɗinku, watsa yanayin polarization da ake so yayin tunani, ɗauka ko karkatar da sauran. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan polarizer iri-iri, kowanne yana da fa'ida da rashin amfaninsa. Don taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun polarizer don aikace-aikacenku, zamu tattauna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun polarizer da jagorar zaɓin polarizers.
P da S. an bayyana su ta hanyar daidaitawarsu zuwa jirgin abin da ya faru
Ƙididdigar Polarizer
Polarizers an ayyana su ta ƴan maɓalli masu mahimmanci, wasu daga cikinsu sun keɓance ga na'urorin gani na polarization. Mafi mahimmancin sigogi sune:
⊙Watsawa: Wannan ƙimar ko dai tana nufin watsa haske mai ɗaiɗaikun layi a cikin alkiblar polarization axis, ko kuma zuwa watsa hasken da ba a taɓa gani ba ta hanyar polarizer. Watsawa a layi daya shine watsa hasken da ba a taɓa gani ba ta hanyar polarizers guda biyu tare da gatura mai ƙima a layi ɗaya, yayin da ketare watsawa shine watsa haske mara ƙarfi ta hanyar polarizer guda biyu tare da ƙetare gaturansu na polarization. Don ingantacciyar watsawar polarizers na hasken wutan layi mai layi daya daidai da axis polarization shine 100%, jigilar layi daya shine 50% kuma watsawar da aka ketare shine 0%. Ana iya la'akari da hasken da ba a taɓa gani ba a matsayin haɗakar da bazuwar sauri ta p- da s-polarized haske. Kyakkyawan polarizer madaidaiciya kawai zai watsa ɗaya daga cikin madaidaicin polarizations guda biyu, yana rage ƙarfin farko mara ƙarfi.0da rabi, watau,I=I0/2,don haka watsawar layi daya (don haske mara ƙarfi) shine 50%. Don haske mai launi na layi tare da ƙarfi I0, ƙarfin da ake yadawa ta hanyar ingantacciyar polarizer, I, ana iya siffanta ta ta dokar Malus, watau,I=I0cos2Øinda θ shine kusurwa tsakanin abin da ya faru na layi na layi da kuma axis na polarization. Mun ga cewa don daidaitattun gatura, ana samun 100% watsawa, yayin da ga 90° axes, wanda kuma aka sani da ketare polarizers, akwai watsa 0%, don haka ketare watsa shine 0%. Koyaya a cikin aikace-aikacen ainihin duniya watsawa ba zai taɓa zama daidai 0% ba, saboda haka, polarizers ana siffanta su da ƙarancin ƙarewa kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa, waɗanda za'a iya amfani da su don tantance ainihin watsa ta hanyar polarizers guda biyu.
⊙Ragowar Ragewa da Digiri na Polarization: Ƙididdigan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun polarizer na linzamin kwamfuta yawanci ana bayyana su ta hanyar ƙimar polarization ko ingancin polarization, watau P=(T)1-T2)/(T1+T2) da rabonsa na ƙarewa, watau, ρp=T2/T1Inda manyan abubuwan watsawa na hasken polarized madaidaiciya ta hanyar polarizer sune T1 da T2. T1 shine matsakaicin watsawa ta hanyar polarizer kuma yana faruwa lokacin da layin watsa na polarizer yayi daidai da polarization na igiyar igiya ta layi na layi; T2 shine mafi ƙarancin watsawa ta hanyar polarizer kuma yana faruwa lokacin da layin watsa na polarizer ya kasance daidai gwargwado zuwa polarization na igiyar igiyar igiya ta layi.
Ana bayyana aikin ɓarna na polarizer na linzamin kwamfuta sau da yawa a matsayin 1 / ρp: 1. Wannan siga ya bambanta daga ƙasa da 100: 1 (ma'ana kuna da ƙarin watsawa sau 100 don hasken polarized P fiye da hasken S) don polarizers na tattalin arziki zuwa 1061: 1 don babban ingancin birefringent crystalline polarizers. Matsakaicin ɓarna yawanci ya bambanta tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa da kusurwar abin da ya faru kuma dole ne a kimanta shi tare da wasu dalilai kamar farashi, girma, da watsawa ta polarized don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar. Baya ga ɓarna rabo, za mu iya auna aikin polarizer ta hanyar kwatanta yadda ya dace. Matsayin ingancin polarization ana kiransa "banbanci", ana amfani da wannan rabo galibi lokacin la'akari da ƙananan aikace-aikacen haske inda hasara mai ƙarfi ke da mahimmanci.
⊙kusurwar karɓa: kusurwar karɓa ita ce mafi girman karkata daga kusurwar abin da ya faru na ƙira wanda har yanzu polarizer zai yi a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Yawancin polarizers an tsara su don yin aiki a kusurwar abin da ya faru na 0° ko 45°, ko kuma a kusurwar Brewster. Ƙaƙwalwar karɓa yana da mahimmanci don daidaitawa amma yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin aiki tare da igiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba. Grid na waya da dichroic polarizers suna da mafi girman kusurwoyin karɓa, har zuwa cikakken kusurwar karɓa na kusan 90°.
⊙Gina: Polarizers sun zo da nau'i da ƙira da yawa. Siraren fim polarizers siraran fina-finai ne kama da na gani tacewa. Filayen faranti na katakon katako na bakin ciki ne, faranti mai lebur da aka sanya su a kusurwa zuwa katako. Polarizing cube biamsplitters sun ƙunshi prisms na kusurwa biyu na dama waɗanda aka haɗe tare a hypotenuse.
Birefringent polarizers sun ƙunshi prisms crystalline guda biyu da aka haɗe tare, inda aka ƙayyade kusurwar prisms ta takamaiman ƙirar polarizer.
⊙Bayyanar buɗaɗɗiyar buɗaɗɗiyar buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗiya yawanci ya fi ƙuntatawa ga polarizers birefringent kamar yadda samuwar tsarkakakken lu'ulu'u yana iyakance girman waɗannan polarizers. Dichroic polarizers suna da mafi girman samuwa bayyananne apertures kamar yadda ƙirƙira su ba da kanta ga girma girma.
⊙Tsawon hanyar gani: Tsawon hasken dole ne ya bi ta polarizer. Mahimmanci don tarwatsawa, ƙofofin lalacewa, da iyakokin sararin samaniya, tsayin hanyoyin gani na iya zama mahimmanci a cikin polarizers na birefringent amma yawanci gajere ne a cikin polarizers dichroic.
⊙Ƙofar lalacewa: Ƙofar lalacewa ta Laser an ƙaddara ta kayan da aka yi amfani da su da kuma ƙirar polarizer, tare da polarizers birefringent yawanci suna da mafi girman iyakar lalacewa. Siminti sau da yawa shine mafi saurin kamuwa da lalacewar Laser, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka tuntuɓar katako na gani ko na'urorin da ke sararin samaniya suna da manyan ƙofofin lalacewa.
Jagoran Zaɓin Polarizer
Akwai nau'ikan polarizers da yawa da suka haɗa da dichroic, cube, grid waya, da crystalline. Babu nau'in polarizer wanda ya dace da kowane aikace-aikacen, kowanne yana da nasa ƙarfi da rauni na musamman.
Dichroic Polarizers suna watsa takamaiman yanayin polarization yayin toshe duk wasu. Gine-gine na al'ada ya ƙunshi nau'i mai rufi guda ɗaya ko fim ɗin polymer dichroic, sandwiched faranti biyu na gilashi. Lokacin da katako na dabi'a ke watsawa ta hanyar dichroic abu, ɗayan ɓangaren polarization na orthogonal na katako yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma ɗayan yana fita tare da rauni mai rauni. Don haka, za a iya amfani da dichroic sheet polarizer don canza katakon da bazuwar da bazuwar zuwa katako mai layi. Idan aka kwatanta da polarizing prisms, dichroic sheet polarizer yana ba da girman girman girman girma da kuma kusurwa mai karɓa. Yayin da za ku ga babban ɓarna zuwa ƙimar farashi, ginin yana iyakance amfani da manyan lasers ko yanayin zafi. Dichroic polarizers suna samuwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, kama daga fim mai laushi mai sauƙi zuwa madaidaicin manyan polarizers.
Dichroic polarizers suna ɗaukar yanayin polarization maras so
Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters ana yin su ta hanyar haɗa prisms na kusurwa biyu na dama tare da mai rufin hypotenuse. Rufin polarizing yawanci ana gina shi ne ta sauye-sauyen yadudduka na kayan ƙima da ƙanana waɗanda ke nuna hasken S polarized da watsa P. Sakamakon shi ne katako na orthogonal guda biyu a cikin nau'i mai sauƙin hawa da daidaitawa. Rubutun polarizing na iya yawanci jure babban ƙarfin ƙarfi, duk da haka adhesives ɗin da ake amfani da su don siminti cubes na iya gazawa. Ana iya kawar da wannan yanayin gazawar ta hanyar tuntuɓar gani. Duk da yake muna yawan ganin babban bambanci don katako mai watsawa, bambancin da aka nuna yawanci yana da ƙasa.
Wire grid polarizers suna nuna ɗimbin wayoyi masu ƙayatarwa akan ƙaramin gilashin da ke watsa hasken P-Polarized da zaɓin kuma yana nuna hasken S-Polarized. Saboda yanayin injina, grid polarizers na waya yana nuna madaidaicin bandeji wanda ke iyakance kawai ta hanyar watsa abin da ke sa su dace don aikace-aikacen watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen da ke buƙatar babban bambanci.
Polarization perpendicular zuwa karfe wayoyi ana watsa shi
Crystalline polarizer yana watsa abin da ake so kuma ya karkatar da sauran ta amfani da kaddarorin kayan aikin su na crystalline.
Polarizers kristal suna amfani da kaddarorin birefringent na substrate don canza yanayin polarization na haske mai shigowa. Kayayyakin Birefringent suna da fihirisar nunin faifai daban-daban na refraction don haske wanda aka sanya shi a cikin filaye daban-daban yana haifar da yanayi daban-daban na polarization na tafiya cikin kayan cikin sauri daban-daban.
Wollaston polarizers nau'in polarizers ne na crystalline wanda ya ƙunshi prisms na kusurwa guda biyu masu birefringent da aka haɗa tare, ta yadda gaturansu na gani suna tsaye. Bugu da kari babban kofa na lalacewa na polarizers crystalline ya sa su dace don aikace-aikacen Laser.
Wollaston Polarizer
Paralight Optics 'mai yawa jeri na polarizers sun haɗa da Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, High Performance Two Channel PBS, High Power Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, 56° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, 45° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, Dichroic Sheet Polarizers, Nanoparticles Taylor Polarizers, Glan Laser Polarizers, Glan Thompson Polarizers, Wollaston Polarizers, Rochon Polarizers), Maɓallin madauwari mai ma'ana, da Masu Rarraba Beam / Masu Haɗuwa.
Layin Laser Polarizers
Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan na'urorin gani na polarization ko samun ƙima, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu.
