1 Polarization o ka malamalama
ʻEkolu mau waiwai kumu ka māmā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nalu, ka ikaika a me ka polarization. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka nalu o ke kukui, e lawe ana i ke kukui ʻike maʻamau ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo 380 ~ 780nm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu. He maʻalahi hoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama, a inā he ikaika a nāwaliwali paha kahi kukui e hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka mana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka polarization hiʻohiʻona o ka mālamalama ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kuhikuhi haʻalulu o ka vector kahua uila o ka mālamalama, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hoʻopā ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, akā naʻe, ʻo ka ʻano polarization o ka mālamalama. He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi, a he nui nā noi i ke ola, e like me ka hōʻike aniani wai a mākou e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana polarization e hoʻokō i ka hōʻike kala a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻokoʻa. Ke nānā nei i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni 3D i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻohana ʻia nā aniani 3D i ka polarization o ka mālamalama. No ka poʻe i hana i ka hana optical, ʻo ka ʻike piha o ka polarization a me kāna noi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana optical pono e kōkua nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka kūleʻa o nā huahana a me nā papahana. No laila, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia ʻatikala, e hoʻohana mākou i kahi wehewehe maʻalahi e hoʻolauna i ka polarization o ka mālamalama, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea ka ʻike hohonu o ka polarization, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana.
2 ʻIke kumu o ka polarization
No ka mea he nui nā manaʻo e pili ana, e māhele mākou iā lākou i mau hōʻuluʻulu e hoʻolauna iā lākou i kēlā me kēia pae.
2.1 Manaʻo o ka polarization
Ua ʻike mākou he ʻano hawewe electromagnetic ka māmā, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi aʻe nei, aia ka hawewe electromagnetic me ke kahua uila E a me ke kahua magnetic B, e kū pono ana kekahi i kekahi. Huli nā nalu ʻelua ma ko lāua mau ʻaoʻao ponoʻī a hoʻopālahalaha ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolaha Z.
No ka mea, ʻo ke kahua uila a me ka mākēneki he perpendicular kekahi i kekahi, ua like ka pae, a ua like ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, no laila ua wehewehe ʻia ka polarization o ka mālamalama ma ke kālailai ʻana i ka haʻalulu o ka māla uila i ka hana.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka kiʻi ma lalo nei, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka vector kahua uila E i Ex vector a me Ey vector, a ʻo ka polarization i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao oscillation o nā ʻāpana uila Ex a me Ey i ka manawa a me ka lewa.
2.2 He mau mokuʻāina polarization kumu
A. Elliptic polarization
ʻO ka polarization Elliptical ka mokuʻāina polarization maʻamau, i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana kahua uila ʻelua ka ʻokoʻa o ka manawa mau (hoʻokahi e hoʻolaha wikiwiki ana, hoʻokahi hoʻolaha lohi), a ʻaʻole like ka ʻokoʻa o ka māhele me ka helu helu o π/2, a hiki i ka amplitude ke hiki. like a ʻokoʻa paha. Inā ʻoe e nānā ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, e kahakiʻi ka laina koʻikoʻi o ka ʻaoʻao hopena o ka vector kahua uila i kahi ellipse, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
B, polarization laina
ʻO ka polarization laina kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka elliptic polarization, inā ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana uila ʻelua, ʻo ka vector kahua uila oscillates i ka mokulele hoʻokahi, inā ʻike ʻia ma ke ala o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahua uila vector endpoint trajectory contour he laina pololei. . Inā like ka amplitude o nā ʻāpana ʻelua, ʻo ia ka 45 degere linear polarization i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo.
C, polarization pōʻai
ʻO ka polarization pōʻai kekahi ʻano kūikawā o ka polarization elliptical, i ka wā e loaʻa ai i nā ʻāpana uila ʻelua kahi ʻokoʻa 90 degere a me ka amplitude like, ma ke ala o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, he pōʻai ka endpoint trajectory o ka vector kahua uila, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka kiʻi penei:
2.3 Hoʻohālikelike polarization o ke kumu kukui
ʻO ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia mai ke kumu kukui maʻamau he pūʻulu ʻano like ʻole o nā kukui polarized lehulehu, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hea ka mana o ka māmā ke nānā pono ʻia. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka hawewe māmā e haʻalulu ana ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kukui maoli, he hoʻololi maʻamau o ka mokuʻāina polarization a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae, me nā kuhikuhi haʻalulu hiki ke kū pololei i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nalu māmā, ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka polarization, no ka kukui polarized ʻole. ʻO nā kukui kūlohelohe maʻamau e pili ana i ka lā, nā kukui mai nā ʻōpuʻu hale, a pēlā aku.
Loaʻa i ka kukui polarized piha kahi kuhikuhi oscillation hawewe electromagnetic, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ke kahua uila he ʻokoʻa mau ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna o ke kukui polarized linear, elliptically polarized kukui a me nā kukui polarized circular.
ʻO ke kukui polarized hapa ʻelua mau ʻāpana o ke kukui maoli a me ke kukui polarized, e like me ka kukuna laser a mākou e hoʻohana pinepine ai, ʻaʻole ia he kukui polarized piha a ʻaʻole kukui polarized, a laila pili ia i ke kukui polarized hapa. No ka helu ʻana i ka hapa o ka māmā polarized i ka nui o ka māmā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka manaʻo o ka Degree of Polarization (DOP), ʻo ia ka ratio o ka māmā polarized i ka nui o ka māmā, mai 0 a 1,0 no ka unpolarized. kukui, 1 no ka malamalama polarized piha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka polarization linear (DOLP) ʻo ia ka ratio o ka māmā polarized linearly polarized i ka nui o ka māmā, aʻo ka circular polarization (DOCP) ʻo ia ka ratio o ka māmā circularly polarized i ka nui o ka māmā. I ke ola, hoʻopuka nā kukui LED maʻamau i nā kukui polarized hapa.
2.4 Hoʻololi ma waena o nā mokuʻāina polarization
Nui nā mea optical i ka hopena i ka polarization o ka beam, i manaʻo ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana i kekahi manawa a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia. No ka laʻana, inā e ʻike ʻia kahi kukui, e loli mau kona polarization, i ka hihia o ka mālamalama maoli, i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili wai, e lilo ia i mālamalama polarized hapa.
I ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻana o ka kukuna a i ʻole ka hele ʻana i kekahi ʻano polarizing, paʻa mau kona kūlana polarization. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻololi nui i ke kūlana polarization o ka beam, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mea optical polarization e hana pēlā. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pā hawewe hawewe he mea polarization maʻamau, i hana ʻia me nā mea aniani birefringent, i māhele ʻia i ke koʻi wikiwiki a me nā kuhikuhi axis lohi, a hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka pae o π/2 (90°) o ke kahua uila vector parallel. i ka axis lohi, oiai ka uila kahua vector kulike me ka wikiwiki axis i ole lohi, no laila, i ka linearly polarized kukui i hanana ma luna o ka hapaha-hawewe pā ma ka polarization Angle o 45 degere, ka kukuna o ka malamalama ma o ka papa hawewe lilo. kukui polarized poepoe, e like me ka hoike ana ma ke kii ma lalo nei. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kukui kūlohelohe i ke kukui polarized linearly me ka linear polarizer, a laila hele ka māmā polarized linearly ma o 1/4 wavelength a lilo i kukui polarized circularly, a ʻaʻole loli ka ikaika o ka māmā.
Pēlā nō, ke hele ka lāʻau i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a paʻi ke kukui polarized i ka pā 1/4 ma kahi kihi polarization 45 degere, e lilo ka kukuna hele i kukui polarized linearly.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kukui polarized linearly i kukui unpolarized me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōʻai hoʻohui i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻatikala mua. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ke kukui linearly polarized i ka pōʻai hoʻohui, ʻike ʻia ia i nā manawa he nui i ka pōʻai, a hoʻopau ʻia ka haʻalulu o ke kahua uila, i hiki ai i ka hopena hopena o ka pōʻai hoʻohui ke loaʻa ke kukui non-polarized.
2.5 P kukui, S kukui a me Brewster Angle
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kukui P a me nā kukui S, polarized ma nā ʻaoʻao perpendicular kekahi i kekahi, a pono lākou i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka refraction o ke kukui. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, ʻālohilohi kahi kukuna kukui ma ka mokulele hanana, e hana ana i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka refraction, a ʻo ka mokulele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hanana hanana a me ka mea maʻamau ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka mokulele hanana. ʻO ke kukui P (huaka mua o ka Parallel, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻano like) he māmā nona ka ʻaoʻao polarization e like me ka mokulele o ka hanana, a ʻo ke kukui S (ka hua mua o Senkrecht, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kūpaʻa) ʻo ia ka māmā nona ka ʻaoʻao polarization e kū pololei i ka mokulele o ka hanana.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ke ʻike ʻia ka mālamalama maoli a hoʻohuli ʻia i ka interface dielectric, ʻo ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia a me nā kukui refracted he hapa polarized māmā, aia wale nō ke ʻano o ka Angle ʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kūlana polarization o ka mālamalama i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e pili pono i ka hanana. mokulele S polarization, ka moku'āina polarization o ka refracted kukui ua aneane like me ka hanana plane P polarization, i keia manawa i ka kiko'ī Incdence Angle i kapaia Brewster Angle. Ke loaʻa ka mālamalama ma Brewster Angle, kū pololei ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia a me ka kukui refracted kekahi i kekahi. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia waiwai, hiki ke hana ʻia ke kukui polarly linearly.
3 Ka hopena
Ma kēia pepa, hoʻolauna mākou i ka ʻike kumu o ka optical polarization, ʻo ka māmā he hawewe electromagnetic, me ka hopena hawewe, ʻo ka polarization ka haʻalulu o ka vector kahua uila i ka nalu māmā. Ua hoʻolauna mākou i ʻekolu mau mokuʻāina polarization, elliptic polarization, linear polarization a me circular polarization, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā. E like me ke ʻano o ka polarization, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kumu kukui i nā kukui non-polarized, ʻāpana polarized māmā a me nā kukui polarized piha, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hana. Ma ka pane ʻana i nā mea i luna.
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Hoʻohui: Hale 1, No.1558, alanui akamai, qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, Kina
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-27-2024
