ʻŌlelo Optical

Aberia
I ka optics, nā hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana lens e hoʻohuli i kona kiʻi i ka ʻae ʻana mai nā lula o nā kiʻi paraxial.

- ʻAʻe pōʻai
Ke ʻike ʻia nā kukuna māmā e kahi ʻili pōʻai, ʻike ʻia nā kukuna ma ke kikowaena i kahi mamao ʻokoʻa mai ke aniani ma mua o nā kukuna (parallel).I loko o nā telescopes Newtonian, hoʻohana ʻia nā aniani paraboloidal, ʻoiai lākou e kālele ana i nā kukuna like ʻole a pau i kahi kiko hoʻokahi.Eia naʻe, pilikia nā aniani paraboloidal i ka coma.

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- Hoʻokaʻawale Chromatic
Loaʻa kēia aberration mai nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole e nānā i nā wahi like ʻole.Loaʻa i nā lens a pau kekahi degere o ka chromatic aberration.Loaʻa nā lens Achromatic ma kahi liʻiliʻi ʻelua kala e hele mai ana i kahi manaʻo maʻamau.Hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻia nā refractors Achromatic i ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha e hele mai i ka nānā maʻamau, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka violet.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kēlā poʻe ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole polū polū a puni iā ​​Vega a i ʻole ka mahina, ʻoiai ke hele mai nei nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula i ka nānā ʻana, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ka viole a i ʻole ka polū, ʻaʻohe o ia mau kala i ka nānā ʻana.

- Koma
ʻO kēia kahi aberration off-axis, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea wale nō (no kā mākou kumu, nā hōkū) ʻaʻole i waenakonu o ke kiʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia.ʻO nā kukuna māmā e komo ana i ka ʻōnaehana optical mai ka waena ma kahi kihi e nānā ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole ma mua o nā mea e komo ana i ka ʻōnaehana optical ma kahi a kokoke paha i ke axis optical.ʻO kēia ka hopena i kahi kiʻi like me ka comet i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka waena o ke kiʻi.

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- Kahua ʻāina
ʻO ke kahua i nīnau ʻia ʻo ia ka mokulele kikoʻī, a i ʻole ka mokulele ma ke kiko o kahi mea kani.No ka paʻi kiʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo he planar (paʻa) kēia mokulele, akā hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻōnaehana optical i nā papa kuhikuhi curved.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā telescopes i kekahi degere o ka curvature kahua.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Petzval Field Curvature i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka mokulele kahi e hāʻule ai ke kiʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Petzval surface.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ke ʻōlelo ʻia he aberration, ua kūlike ka curvature ma waena o ke kiʻi, a i ʻole rotationally symmetric e pili ana i ke axis optical.

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- Hoʻokaʻawale - barela
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana mai ke kikowaena a i ka lihi o kahi kiʻi.Hoʻopau ʻia ka huinahā like me ka ʻūhā, a i ʻole like me ka barela.

- Hoʻokaʻawale - pincushiond
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana mai ke kikowaena a i ka lihi o kahi kiʻi.Hoʻopau ʻia ka huinahā like me ke kui ʻia, e like me ka pincushion.

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- ʻuhane
ʻO ka manaʻo nui ke kuhi ʻana o kahi kiʻi ma waho o ke kahua a i ʻole ke kukui i loko o ke kahua ʻike.ʻO ka maʻamau wale nō ka pilikia me nā maka ʻulaʻula maikaʻi ʻole a me nā mea ʻālohilohi.

- ʻO ka hopena o ke kīpē
ʻO ka pilikia Televue 12mm Nagler Type 2 pilikia.Inā ʻaʻole pololei kou maka i ka FIELD LENS, a kū pololei i ke axis optical, aia kekahi hapa o ke kiʻi i kahi pīni ʻeleʻele e ālai ana i kāu ʻike.

Achromat
He lens i loaʻa i ʻelua mau mea ʻē aʻe, maʻamau o ka lei aliʻi a me ke aniani aniani, i hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka chromatic aberration e pili ana i ʻelua mau nalu i koho ʻia.ʻIke pū ʻia he lens achromatic.

Ka uhi ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo
He ʻāpana lahilahi o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o ka lens e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka ikehu i ʻike ʻia.

Aspherical
ʻAʻole pōʻai;he mea ʻōpika i loaʻa hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā ʻili he pōʻai ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻololi iki ʻia ka ʻili pōʻai o ka lens i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka aberration spherical.

Astigmatism
ʻO kahi aberration lens e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokulele kiʻi tangential a me sagittal ma ke axially.He ʻano kikoʻī kēia o ka curvature kahua kahi i ʻokoʻa ai ke kahua o ka nānā ʻana no nā kukuna o ka mālamalama e komo i ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi ʻokoʻa.E pili ana i ka telescope optics, hiki mai ka ASTIGMATISM mai ke aniani a i ʻole lens he ʻokoʻa iki ka FOCAL LENGTH ke ana ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka mokulele kiʻi, ma mua o ke ana ʻana e pili ana i kēlā ʻaoʻao.

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Hoʻi hope
ʻO ka mamao mai ka ʻili hope o ka lens a i kona pae kiʻi.

Mākaʻi kukui
He mea ʻike maka no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kaola i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā kaola.

ʻO ka uhi ʻana i ka laina ākea
ʻO nā uhi e pili ana i kahi bandwidth spectral ākea.

Ke kikowaena
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka axis optical o kahi lens mai kona axis mechanical.

aniani anuanu
Nā kānana e hoʻouna i nā lōʻihi nalu ma ka ʻāpana spectral infrared (>700 nm) a e hōʻike i nā lōʻihi nalu ʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka uhi dielectric
ʻO ka uhi ʻana me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ka index refractive haʻahaʻa.

kaupalena ʻia ka diffraction
ʻO ka waiwai o kahi ʻōnaehana optical kahi e hoʻoholo ai nā hopena o ka diffraction i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi āna i hana ai.

Kūlana kūpono
Ka mamao mai ke kumu nui a i ke kiko kiko.

Helu F
ʻO ka ratio o ka lōʻihi like o ka lens me ke anawaena o kāna haumāna komo.

FWHM
Ka laula piha ma ka hapalua o ka nui.

IR infrared
ʻO ka nalu ma luna o 760 nm, ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā maka.

Laser
ʻO nā kukuna ikaika o ka māmā he monochromatic, cohelent, a hui pū ʻia.

Laser diode
ʻO kahi diode māmā i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia e hana i kahi puka māmā.

Hoʻonui
ʻO ka ratio o ka nui o ke kiʻi o kekahi mea me ka nui o ka mea.

ʻO ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻāpana lehulehu
ʻO kahi uhi i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana he nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka helu kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.

Kānana mānoanoa kūʻokoʻa
ʻO nā kānana neutral-density attenuate, māhele, a hui pū paha i nā kaola i loko o kahi ākea o nā lākiō irradiance me ka hilinaʻi nui ʻole i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu.

ʻAha helu
ʻO ka sine o ke kihi i hana ʻia e ke kukui marginal o kahi lens me ke axis optical.

Pahuhopu
ʻO ka mea ʻonika e loaʻa ka mālamalama mai ka mea a hoʻokumu i ke kiʻi mua a i ʻole ke kiʻi mua i nā telescopes a me nā microscopes.

axis Optical
ʻO ka laina e hele ana ma waena o nā kikowaena ʻelua o nā curvatures o nā ʻili maka o ka lens.

Paʻa Optical
ʻO kahi ʻāpana aniani, pyrex, a i ʻole quartz me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau ʻili i hoʻomaloʻo maikaʻi ʻia a poni ʻia, maʻamau i pālahalaha a emi iho i ka hapaʻumi o ka lōʻihi nalu.

Paraxial
ʻO ke ʻano o nā kānana optical i kaupalena ʻia i nā puka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Parfocal
Loaʻa nā kiko kikoʻī like ʻole.

Pinhole
He puka ʻoi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he aperture a i ʻole leki maka.

Polarization
He hōʻike o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā laina o ka lele uila i loko o kahi kahua electromagnetic.

Noonoo
Hoʻihoʻi ʻia o ka radiation ma kahi ʻili, me ka loli ʻole o ka lōʻihi nalu.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻana
ʻO ka piʻo ʻana o nā kukuna oblique i ka wā e hele ai lākou mai kahi kikowaena.

Hōʻike hōʻike
Ka lakio o ka velocity o ka malamalama i loko o ka hakahaka me ka velocity o ka malamalama ma ka refractive mea no ka hawewe i haawiia.

Sag
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi pihi i ana ʻia mai ka chord.

Kānana ākea
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi pihi i ana ʻia mai ka chord.

Striae
He kīnā ʻole i loko o ke aniani aniani i loaʻa i kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻokoʻa o nā mea alohilohi me kahi kuhikuhi refractive ʻokoʻa iki mai ke kino o ke aniani.

Leni telecentric
He lens kahi e kū ai ka puka puka ma ke alo o ke alo, e like me nā kukuna poʻokela me ke koʻikoʻi opua ma ke ākea kiʻi;ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ka haumāna puka i ka palena ʻole.

Telephoto
ʻO kahi leki hui pū i hana ʻia e like a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa ma mua o kona lōʻihi pono.

TIR
Hōʻike ʻia nā kukuna i loko o ka palena ea/aniani ma nā kihi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi me ka 100% maikaʻi me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou kūlana polarization mua.

Hoʻouna ʻia
I loko o ka optics, ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ikehu kukui ma o kahi ʻano.

UV
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻike ʻole o ka spectrum ma lalo o 380 nm.

V Kapa
ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike kūʻokoʻa no kahi lōʻihi hawewe kikoʻī me ka aneane 0 ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, i kapa ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano V o ka pihi scan.

Vignetting
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana mai ka axis optical i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana optical i hana ʻia e ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kukuna off-axis e nā puka o ka ʻōnaehana.

Hoʻololi ʻia o ka nalu
ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana o ke alo nalu mai ka pōʻai kūpono ma muli o ka palena hoʻolālā a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.

Papa nalu
ʻO nā papa hawewe, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā papa hoʻopaneʻe, he mau mea ʻike maka birefringent me ʻelua koʻi optic, hoʻokahi wikiwiki a hoʻokahi lohi.Hoʻopuka nā papa hawewe i nā hawewe hawewe piha, hapalua a me ka hapahā.

Wehe
He mea ʻōpika me nā ʻili e pili ana i ka mokulele.


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-10-2023