Nānā nui
Hoʻohana ʻia nā optics polarization e hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ka polarization o ka radiation hanana. ʻO kā mākou polarization optics ka polarizers, wave plates / retarders, depolarizers, faraday rotators, a me optical isolator ma luna o ka UV, ʻike ʻia, a i ʻole IR spectral ranges.
1064 nm Faraday Rotator
Mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa
Mana Kiekie Nd-YAG Polarizer
Hoʻopili pinepine ka hoʻolālā Optical i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu a me ka ikaika o ka mālamalama, me ka haʻalele ʻana i kona polarization. ʻO ka polarization naʻe, he waiwai nui ia o ka mālamalama e like me ka nalu. ʻO ka māmā he hawewe electromagnetic, a ʻo ke kahua uila o kēia nalu e oscillates perpendicularly i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Hōʻike ka mokuʻāina polarization i ke ʻano o ka oscillation o ka nalu e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia ka mālamalama ʻaʻole i polarized inā e hoʻololi wale ke kuhikuhi o kēia kahua uila i ka manawa. Inā ho'ākāka maikaʻi ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila o ke kukui, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kukui polarized. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ke kukui polarized he laser. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kahua uila, hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā kukui polarized i ʻekolu mau ʻano polarizations:
★Linear polarization: ʻo ka oscillation a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana aia ma ka mokulele hoʻokahi.Thekahua uila o ke kukui polarly consists o elua perpendicular, like in amplitude, linear nā ʻāpana ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa pae.Hoʻopili ʻia ke kahua uila o ka mālamalama i hoʻokahi mokulele ma ke ala o ka hoʻolaha ʻana.
★Polarization pōʻai: hoʻololi ke ʻano o ke kukui i ka manawa ma ke ʻano helical. Aia i loko o ke kahua uila o ke kukui he ʻelua ʻāpana laina e kū pono ana kekahi i kekahi, i like me ka amplitude, akā loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻāpana o π/2. ʻO ke kahua uila o ka mālamalama e hoʻololi ʻia i ka pōʻai a puni ka ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻolaha.
★Elliptical polarization: ʻo ke kahua uila o ke kukui polarized elliptically e wehewehe ana i kahi ellipse, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pōʻai ma ka polarization pōʻai. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia kahua uila ma ke ʻano he hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana laina ʻelua me nā amplitudes ʻokoʻa a/a i ʻole kahi ʻokoʻa ʻāpana ʻaʻole π/2. ʻO kēia ka wehewehe nui loa o ke kukui polarized, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kukui polarized pōʻai a me ka laina e like me nā hihia kūikawā o ke kukui polarized elliptically.
ʻO nā mokuʻāina polarization Linear orthogonal ʻelua i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "S" a me "P",lakouua wehewehe ʻia e ko lākou ʻano pili i ka pae o ka hanana.kukui P-polarizedʻO ka mea e oscillating like me kēia mokulele ʻo "P", aʻo ka kukui s-polarized i loaʻa kahi kahua uila i polarized perpendicular me kēia mokulele ʻo "S".PolarizersʻO ia nā mea nui o ka optical no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kāu polarization, ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi kūlana polarization i makemake ʻia i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ana, e ʻohi a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i ke koena. Nui nā ʻano ʻano polarizer, kēlā me kēia me kona pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema. E kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ka polarizer maikaʻi loa no kāu noi, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā kikoʻī polarizer a me nā alakaʻi koho polarizer.
P a me S pol. ua wehewehe ʻia e ko lākou ʻano pili i ka pae o ka hanana
Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī Polarizer
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā polarizer e kekahi mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea kikoʻī i nā optics polarization. ʻO nā palena nui loa:
⊙Ka lawe ʻana: E pili ana kēia waiwai i ka hoʻouna ʻana o ke kukui polarized linearly i ke kuhikuhi o ke axis polarization, a i ʻole ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kukui unpolarized ma o ka polarizer. ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kukui unpolarized ma o nā polarizer ʻelua me ko lākou mau koʻi polarization i hoʻopaʻa like ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kukui unpolarized ma o ʻelua polarizer me ko lākou polarization koʻi i kea. No ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā polarizer kūpono o ka māmā polarized linearly e like me ka axis polarization he 100%, ʻo ka hoʻoili like ʻana he 50% a ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana he 0%. Hiki ke no'ono'o 'ia ke kukui unpolarized he hui like 'ole o ke kukui p- a me s-polarized. ʻO ka polarizer laina kūpono e hoʻouna wale i hoʻokahi o nā polarization linear ʻelua, e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika unpolarized mua I.0ma ka hapalua, ʻo ia hoʻi,I=I0/2,no laila, ʻo ka hoʻoili like ʻana (no ka mālamalama unpolarized) he 50%. No ka māmā polarized linearly me ka ikaika I0, ʻo ka ikaika i hoʻouna ʻia ma o ka polarizer maikaʻi loa, I, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ke kānāwai Malus, ʻo ia hoʻi,I=I0cos2Økahi o θ ka huina ma waena o ka polarization linear hanana a me ke axis polarization. ʻIke mākou no nā koʻi like ʻole, loaʻa ka 100% o ka hoʻouna ʻana, ʻoiai no nā koʻi 90 °, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he polarizers crossed, aia ka 0% transmission, no laila ʻo 0%. Eia nō naʻe, i nā noi honua maoli ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia i ka 0%, no laila, ua ʻike ʻia nā polarizer e ka lākiō hoʻopau e like me ka mea i ho'ākāka ʻia ma lalo nei, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoili maoli ʻana ma o ʻelua polarizers crossed.
⊙Ka Laki Hoopau a me ka Degere o ka Polarization: ʻO nā waiwai polarizing o kahi polarizer linear e wehewehe maʻamau e ke degere o ka polarization a i ʻole ka polarization pono, ʻo ia hoʻi, P=(T1-T2)/(T1+T2) a me kona lākiō pau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ρp=T2/T1kahi o ka hoʻouna nui ʻana o ke kukui polarized linearly ma o ka polarizer ʻo T1 a me T2. ʻO T1 ka hoʻouna kiʻekiʻe loa ma o ka polarizer a loaʻa i ka wā e like ai ke koʻi hoʻouna o ka polarizer me ka polarization o ka hanana linearly polarized beam; ʻO T2 ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma o ka polarizer a loaʻa i ka wā e kū pono ai ke koʻi hoʻouna o ka polarizer i ka polarization o ka hanana linearly polarized beam.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hana hoʻopau ʻana o kahi polarizer linear e like me 1 / ρp: 1. Aia kēia ʻāpana mai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 100: 1 (ʻo ia hoʻi he 100 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka hoʻouna ʻana no ka māmā P polarized ma mua o ke kukui S polarized)6: 1 no nā polarizer crystalline birefringent kiʻekiʻe. ʻOkoʻa ka ratio extinction me ka lōʻihi nalu a me ka huina hanana a pono e loiloi ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke kumu kūʻai, ka nui, a me ka hoʻouna polarized no kahi noi i hāʻawi ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o ka ratio extinction, hiki iā mākou ke ana i ka hana o ka polarizer ma ke ʻano o ka pono. Kapa ʻia ka degere o ka pono polarization "contrast", hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ratio i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i nā noi māmā haʻahaʻa kahi e koʻikoʻi ai nā poho ikaika.
⊙ʻO ka ʻae ʻae: ʻO ka ʻae ʻae ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa nui loa mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻolālā ʻana e hana mau ai ka polarizer i loko o nā kikoʻī. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hapa nui o nā polarizer e hana ma kahi kihi incidence o 0° a i ʻole 45°, a i ʻole ma ke kihi o Brewster. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻae ʻae no ka hoʻolikelike ʻana akā he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana me nā kaola i hui ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka mākia uea a me nā polarizer dichroic ka nui loa o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana, a hiki i kahi kihi ʻae piha o kahi kokoke i 90 °.
⊙Hana: Hele mai nā polarizer i nā ʻano a me nā hoʻolālā. ʻO nā polarizer kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e like me nā kānana optical. ʻO ka polarizing plate beamsplitters he ʻeleʻele, pālahalaha pālahalaha i hoʻonoho ʻia ma kahi kihi i ka lāʻau. ʻO nā mea hoʻokaʻawale pahu polarizing he ʻelua prisms ʻākau kūpono i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hypotenuse.
ʻO nā polarizer birefringent he ʻelua prisms crystalline i kau pū ʻia, kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ke kihi o nā prisms e ka hoʻolālā polarizer kikoʻī.
⊙Mākaʻikaʻi puka: ʻO ka puka maʻemaʻe ka mea maʻamau no nā polarizer birefringent e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kristal maʻemaʻe optically i kaupalena ʻia ka nui o kēia mau polarizers. Loaʻa i nā polarizer Dichroic nā puka ākea nui loa e like me kā lākou hana ʻana i hāʻawi iā ia iho i nā nui nui.
⊙ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ala Optical: Pono ke kukui lōʻihi e hele ma o ka polarizer. He mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, nā paepae pōʻino, a me nā kaohi o ka lewa, hiki ke koʻikoʻi ka lōʻihi o ke ala ʻike i nā polarizer birefringent akā pōkole ma nā polarizer dichroic.
⊙ʻO ka paepae pōʻino: Hoʻoholo ʻia ka paepae pōʻino laser e nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka hoʻolālā polarizer, me nā polarizer birefringent i loaʻa i ka paepae pōʻino kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka sima ka mea maʻalahi loa i ka pōʻino laser, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paepae pōʻino i pili i nā beamsplitters a i ʻole nā polarizer birefringent ea.
Alakaʻi Koho Polarizer
Nui nā ʻano polarizer me ka dichroic, cube, wire grid, a me crystalline. ʻAʻohe ʻano polarizer i kūpono no kēlā me kēia noi, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia me kona mau ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali.
Hoʻouna ʻo Dichroic Polarizer i kahi kūlana polarization kikoʻī ʻoiai ke kāohi nei i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hana maʻamau he substrate i uhi ʻia a i ʻole polymer dichroic film, sandwiched ʻelua mau papa aniani. Ke hoʻoili ʻia kahi kukuna maoli ma o ka mea dichroic, hoʻopaʻa ikaika ʻia kekahi o nā ʻāpana polarization orthogonal o ka lāʻau a hele kekahi i waho me ka nawaliwali o ka absorption. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka dichroic sheet polarizer e hoʻololi i ke kukui polarized i loko o ka laina polarized beam. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā prisms polarizing, hāʻawi ʻo dichroic sheet polarizer i ka nui nui a me ka ʻae ʻia ʻana. Loaʻa nā polarizer dichroic i nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa laminated kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i ka precision high contrast polarizers.
Hoʻopili nā polarization dichroic i ke kūlana polarization makemake ʻole
Hana ʻia ʻo Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua prisms kihi ʻākau me kahi hypotenuse i uhi ʻia. ʻO ka uhi polarizing maʻamau i kūkulu ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā mea kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ke kukui polarized S a hoʻouna i ka P. ʻO ka hopena he ʻelua mau kukui orthogonal i kahi ʻano maʻalahi ke kau a hoʻohālikelike. Hiki i ka polarizing coatings ke kū i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, akā naʻe, hiki ke hāʻule nā pilikia i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā cubes. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia ʻano hāʻule ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka optically. ʻOiai mākou e ʻike maʻamau i ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe no ka kukuna i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻokoʻa i hōʻike ʻia.
Hōʻike ʻia nā polarizers uea i kahi ʻano o nā uea microscopic ma kahi substrate aniani e hoʻouna maʻalahi i ke kukui P-Polarized a hōʻike i ke kukui S-Polarized. Ma muli o ke ʻano mechanical, ua hōʻike ʻia nā polarizers wire grid i kahi puʻupuʻu nalu i kaupalena ʻia e ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka substrate i mea kūpono no nā noi broadband e koi ana i ka polarization hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻouna ʻia ka polarization e kū pono ana i nā uea metala
Hoʻouna ʻo Crystalline polarizer i kahi polarization i makemake ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale i ke koena ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai birefringent o kā lākou mau mea crystalline.
Hoʻohana nā polarizer crystalline i nā waiwai birefringent o ka substrate e hoʻololi i ke kūlana polarization o ke kukui e hiki mai ana. He ʻokoʻa iki nā mea Birefringent no ka polarized māmā ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e hiki ai i nā mokuʻāina polarization ʻokoʻa ke hele ma waena o ka mea i nā wikiwiki like ʻole.
ʻO nā polarizers Wollaston kekahi ʻano o nā polarizers crystalline i loaʻa i nā prisms kihi ʻākau ʻelua birefringent i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no laila ua kū pololei ko lākou mau koi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka paepae pōʻino kiʻekiʻe o nā polarizer crystalline e kūpono iā lākou no nā noi laser.
Wollaston Polarizer
ʻO ka laina nui o nā polarizer Paralight Optics 'o ia ka Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, High Performance Two Channel PBS, High Power Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, 56 ° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, 45 ° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, Dichroic Sheet Polarizers, Nanoparticle Linear Polarizers a i ʻole Crystalline Polarizers. Taylor Polarizers, Glan Laser Polarizers, Glan Thompson Polarizers, Wollaston Polarizers, Rochon Polarizers), Variable Circular Polarizers, a me Polarizing Beam Displacers / Combiners.
Nā Polarizer Laina Laser
No ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka polarization optics a i ʻole e kiʻi i kahi ʻōlelo, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou.
