Nā Papa Hawewe a me nā mea hoʻomaha

Nānā nui

Hoʻohana ʻia nā optics polarization e hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ka polarization o ka radiation hanana. ʻO kā mākou polarization optics nā polarizers, wave plates / retarders, depolarizers, Faraday Rotators, a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻike ma luna o ka UV, ʻike ʻia, a i ʻole IR spectral ranges.

ʻO nā pā hawewe, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā retarders, e hoʻouna i ka māmā a hoʻololi i kona kūlana polarization me ka ʻole o ka attenuating, deviating, a i ʻole ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke kukui. Hana lākou i kēia ma ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana (a i ʻole ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana) i hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka polarization e pili ana i kāna ʻāpana orthogonal. ʻO ka pā hawewe he ʻano mea ʻonika me ʻelua koʻi koʻikoʻi, lohi a wikiwiki hoʻi, e hoʻoholo ai i kahi kaola polarized i hana ʻia i ʻelua mau kaola polarized kū pololei. Hoʻohui hou ka lāʻau e puka mai ana e hana i hoʻokahi kukui polarized. Hoʻopuka nā papa hawewe i nā hawewe piha, hapalua a me ka hapahā o ka lohi. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he retarder a i ʻole he papa hoʻomaha. I loko o ka malamalama unpolarized, ua like nā papa hawewe me nā puka makani - he mau ʻāpana optical flat lākou e hele ai ke kukui.

Pāpā hawewe-hāhā: i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ke kukui polarly i hoʻokomo ʻia ma 45 degere i ke koʻi o ka pā hawewe hawewe, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana, a me ka hope.

Pāpaʻa hawewe: Hoʻololi ka pā hawewe hapa i ke kukui polarized linearly i kekahi ʻano makemake. ʻO ka huina hoʻololi ʻelua ʻelua ka huina ma waena o ke kukui polarized i hana ʻia a me ke axis optical.

Laser-Zero-Order--Ea-Spaced-Quarter-Waveplate-1

ʻO Laser Zero Order Pāʻani Hawewe-Hawewe Kūwaena Lewa

Laser-Zero-Order-Air-Spaced-Half-Waveplate-1

Ka Papa Hapa Hawewe Hawewe Lele Laser

He kūpono nā papa hawewe no ka hoʻomalu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana polarization o ka mālamalama. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ʻekolu mau ʻano nui - zero order, multiple order, a me achromatic - aia kēlā me kēia me nā pono kūʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka noi ma ka lima. ʻO ka ʻike ikaika o nā huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi a me nā kikoʻī e kōkua i ke koho ʻana i ka pā nalu kūpono, ʻaʻohe mea maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha o ka ʻōnaehana optical.

ʻŌlelo a me nā kikoʻī

Birefringence: Hana ʻia nā pā hawewe mai nā mea birefringent, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka quartz kristal. He ʻokoʻa iki nā mea Birefringent no ka polarized māmā ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā kukui unpolarized i loko o nā mea like a me nā ʻāpana orthogonal i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia kiʻi.

Birefringent Calcite Crystal Separating Unpolarized Light

Birefringent Calcite Crystal Separating Unpolarized Light

ʻAxis wikiwiki a me ke Axis Slow: ʻO ka māmā i polarized ma ke koʻi wikiwiki e hālāwai me kahi kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa o ka refraction a hele wikiwiki i nā papa nalu ma mua o ka māmā i polarized ma ke koʻi mālie. Hōʻike ʻia ka axis wikiwiki e kahi wahi palahalaha liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kiko ma ke anawaena axis wikiwiki o kahi pā nalu i kau ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole kahi hōʻailona ma ka mauna cell o kahi pā nalu i kau ʻia.

Hoʻihoʻi: Hōʻike ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae ma waena o ka mea polarization i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke koʻi wikiwiki a me ka ʻāpana i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke koʻi mālie. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma nā ʻāpana degere, nā nalu, a i ʻole nanometer. Hoʻokahi nalu piha o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ua like ia me 360°, a i ʻole ka helu o nā nanometer ma ka lōʻihi nalu o ka hoihoi. Hōʻike maʻamau ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā degere, kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ​​hapa decimal o ka nalu piha, a i ʻole nanometer. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kikoʻī a me nā hoʻomanawanui maʻamau: λ/4 ± λ/300, λ/2 ± 0.003λ, λ/2 ± 1°, 430nm ± 2nm.

ʻO λ/4, λ/2, a me 1λ nā waiwai hoʻomaha kaulana loa, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau noi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i loko mai kahi prisma ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae ma waena o nā ʻāpana i pilikia paha; hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka polarization i makemake ʻia i ka waveplate compensating.

Kauoha Nui: Ma nā papa hawewe he nui, ʻo ka hoʻopaneʻe holoʻokoʻa ka hoʻihoʻi i makemake ʻia me ka helu helu. ʻAʻohe hopena o ka ʻāpana integer i ka hana, e like me ke ʻano o ka uaki e hōʻike ana i ke awakea i kēia lā me ka uaki e hōʻike ana i ke awakea i hoʻokahi pule ma hope - ʻoiai ua hoʻohui ʻia ka manawa, ʻike ʻia ka like. ʻOiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā papa hawewe he nui me kahi mea birefringent hoʻokahi wale nō, hiki ke mānoanoa, e maʻalahi i ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalu o ka nalu a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana.

Kauoha Zero: Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka pā hawewe kauoha ʻole e hāʻawi i ka lohi o nā nalu piha ʻole me ka ʻole o ka nui, a me ka hakina i makemake ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻelua mau papa hawewe quartz order Zero Order Quartz Wave me ko lākou mau koʻi i keʻa i ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka pā hawewe kauoha ʻole maʻamau, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pā hawewe kauoha ʻole hui, aia nā papa hawewe he nui o nā mea birefringent like i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kū pono lākou i ke axis optical. Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā papa nalu he nui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lohi i loko o kēlā me kēia pā nalu, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka hawewe i nā loli lōʻihi a me nā hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana. ʻAʻole hoʻomaikaʻi nā papa hawewe kauoha ʻole maʻamau i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lohi ma muli o kahi kihi ʻokoʻa o ka hanana. Aia ka papa hawewe kauoha ʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo me kahi mea birefringent hoʻokahi i hana ʻia i loko o kahi pā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a liʻiliʻi paha ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi i mea e hiki ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma ke kauoha zero. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka paʻa ʻana a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i ka papa hawewe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka hawewe i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lōʻihi nalu, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wela a me kahi kihi ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā papa hawewe ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana ma mua o nā papa nalu kauoha he nui. Hōʻike lākou i kahi bandwidth ākea a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka mahana a me nā loli hawewe a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia no nā noi koʻikoʻi.

Achromatic: Aia nā papa hawewe Achromatic i ʻelua mau mea like ʻole e hoʻopau pono i ka hoʻopuehu chromatic. Hana ʻia nā lens achromatic maʻamau mai nā ʻano aniani ʻelua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lōʻihi i makemake ʻia me ka hōʻemi ʻana a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i ka chromatic aberration. Hana ʻia nā papa hawewe Achromatic ma ke kumu kumu like. No ka laʻana, hana ʻia nā Achromatic Waveplates mai ka quartz crystal a me ka fluoride magnesium e hoʻokō i ka lohi mau loa ma waena o kahi pūʻulu spectral ākea.

Super Achromatic: Super achromatic waveplate he ʻano kūikawā o ka waveplate achromatic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu chromatic no kahi puʻupuʻu ākea ākea. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā papa hawewe super super achromatic no ka spectrum ʻike ʻia a me ka ʻāina NIR me kahi kokoke like, inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka like ʻole ma mua o nā papa hawewe achromatic maʻamau. Kahi i hana ʻia ai nā papa hawewe achromatic maʻamau me ka quartz a me ka magnesium fluoride o nā mānoanoa kikoʻī, hoʻohana nā papa hawewe super achromatic i kahi pani sapphire hou me ka quartz a me ka fluoride magnesium. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mānoanoa o nā substrate ʻekolu e hoʻopau i ka hoʻopuehu chromatic no kahi lōʻihi o nā hawewe.

Alakaʻi Koho Polarizer

ʻO nā papa hawewe kauoha lehulehu
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (nui) e hāʻawi i ka lohi o kekahi mau nalu piha, me ka hakina i makemake ʻia. Loaʻa kēia i kahi mea hoʻokahi, ikaika kino me ka hana i makemake ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pā hoʻokahi o ka quartz kristal (nominally 0.5mm i ka mānoanoa). ʻO nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ka lōʻihi nalu a i ʻole ka wela e hopena i nā loli nui i ka retardance fractional i makemake ʻia. He emi ke kumu kūʻai o nā papa nalu kauoha nui a loaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi he nui ʻaʻole he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka naʻau. He koho maikaʻi lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana me ke kukui monochromatic i kahi kaiapuni i hoʻomalu ʻia i ke aniau, ua hui pū ʻia lākou me kahi laser i loko o kahi hale hana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā noi e like me ka mineralogy i ka neʻe chromatic (retardance versus hoʻololi i ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe) i loaʻa i nā papa nalu o ka papa.

Kauoha-nui-Hapa-Halu-1

Papa Hapa Hawewe Kauoha Nui

Kauoha-nui-Haha-Pula-1

Papa Hawewe-Halu-Kauoha Nui

ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe i nā papa hawewe quartz crystalline maʻamau ʻo Polymer Retarder Film. Loaʻa kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma nā ʻano nui a me nā retardances a ma kahi hapa o ke kumukūʻai o nā papa nalu crystalline. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hoʻopaneʻe kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o ka noi quartz kristal ma ke ʻano o ka maʻalahi. ʻO kā lākou hoʻolālā polymeric lahilahi e hiki ai ke ʻoki maʻalahi i ke kiʻi i ke ʻano a me ka nui e pono ai. He kūpono kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi e hoʻohana ana i nā LCD a me nā fiber optics. Loaʻa ka Polymer Retarder Film ma nā mana achromatic. ʻO kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni naʻe, he paepae pōʻino haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia me nā kumu kukui mana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā lasers. Eia hou, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectrum ʻike ʻia, no laila e koi ʻia nā noi UV, NIR, a i ʻole IR i kahi koho.

ʻO nā papa hawewe kauoha he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa ana ka lohi o ke ala māmā i kekahi helu o nā neʻe ʻana o ka lōʻihi hawewe piha me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana o ka hoʻolālā fractional. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā hawewe kauoha he nui ma kahi o 0.5mm. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa nalu kauoha ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā papa nalu kauoha nui i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu a me nā loli wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi he nui ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka sensitivities.

ʻO nā papa hawewe Zero Order
ʻOiai he hapa liʻiliʻi ko lākou hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā ʻano kauoha lehulehu, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana no nā papa hawewe kauoha ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wela a me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu. I nā kūlana e koi ana i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻa a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā huakaʻi ʻoi aku ka wela, ʻo ka zero order waveplates ke koho maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā laʻana hoʻohana e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu spectral ākea, a i ʻole ke ana ʻana me kahi mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kula.

Kau-Kolo-Hapa-Halu-1

Papa Hapa Hawewe Zero Order

Zero-Order-Quarter-Waveplate-1

Papa Hawewe-Hawewe Kole

- Kūkulu ʻia kahi papa hawewe cemented zero e nā papa quartz ʻelua me kā lākou axis wikiwiki i keʻa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā papa ʻelua e ka epoxy UV. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa ma waena o nā papa ʻelua e hoʻoholo i ka retardance. Hāʻawi nā papa nalu kauoha ʻole i kahi hilinaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana a me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ma mua o nā papa hawewe kauoha nui.

- Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa hawewe kauoha ʻo Optitically Contacted e nā papa quartz ʻelua me ko lākou axis wikiwiki i keʻa, ua kūkulu ʻia nā papa ʻelua e ke ʻano optically contacted, ʻo ke ala optical he epoxy manuahi.

- Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pā hawewe quartz ʻelua i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi puʻu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ea ma waena o nā papa quartz ʻelua.

- Hana ʻia kahi pā quartz kauoha zero maoli me kahi pā quartz hoʻokahi i lahilahi loa. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he pā hoʻokahi no nā noi paepae pōʻino kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 GW/cm2), a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he pā quartz lahilahi cemented ma kahi substrate BK7 e hāʻawi i ka ikaika i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o ka pōʻino maʻalahi.

- Hiki i ka Zero Order Dual Wavelongth Wave Plate ke hāʻawi i kahi lohi kikoʻī ma nā nalu nalu ʻelua (ka lōʻihi hawewe kumu a me ka lōʻihi hawewe harmonic lua) i ka manawa like. Pono pono nā pā hawewe nalu ʻelua ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi polarization ʻē aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kukuna laser coaxial o nā hawewe like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi papa hawewe nalu ʻelua kauoha ʻole i nā laser femtosecond.

- ʻO ka pā hawewe kelepona hoʻokahi wale nō pā quartz, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cemented true zero order plate wave. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kamaʻilio fiber. ʻO nā papa hawewe Telecom he ʻeleʻele lahilahi a paʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi koi o ka mea kamaʻilio fiber. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pā hawewe hawewe no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka mokuʻāina polarization aʻo ka pā hawewe-hawewe hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke kukui polarized linearly i loko o ke kūlana polarization pōʻai a me ka hope. ʻO ka hapa hawewe ma kahi o 91μm mānoanoa, ʻaʻole mau ka hawewe hawewe he 1/4 akā he hawewe 3/4, ma kahi o 137µm ka mānoanoa. Ke hōʻoia nei kēia mau mea hawewe uila i ka bandwidth wela maikaʻi loa, ka bandwidth angle a me ka bandwidth lōʻihi. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o kēia mau papa hawewe i kūpono no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka pūʻolo holoʻokoʻa o kāu hoʻolālā. Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i nā nui maʻamau no kāu noi.

- Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pā nalu ʻelua o ka Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) me kā lākou axis wikiwiki, kūkulu ʻia nā papa ʻelua ma ke ʻano optically contacted, ʻaʻole epoxy ke ala optical. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa ma waena o nā papa ʻelua e hoʻoholo i ka retardance. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā papa hawewe kauoha infrared waena i nā noi infrared, kūpono no ka laulā 2.5-6.0 micron.

Nā papa hawewe Achromatic
Ua like nā papa hawewe Achromatic me nā papa nalu kauoha ʻole koe wale nō i hana ʻia nā papa ʻelua mai nā kristal birefringent like ʻole. Ma muli o ka uku o nā mea ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka mau o nā papa hawewe achromatic ma mua o nā papa nalu kauoha ʻole. Ua like ka papa hawewe achromatic me ka papa hawewe kauoha ole koe nae na papa elua i hanaia mai na kristal birefringent like ole. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka birefringence o nā mea ʻelua, hiki ke kuhikuhi i nā waiwai hoʻihoʻi ma kahi ākea ākea. No laila e liʻiliʻi ka naʻau i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lōʻihi nalu. Inā uhi ʻia ke kūlana i kekahi mau lōʻihi nalu spectral a i ʻole kahi hui holoʻokoʻa (mai ka violet a i ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana), ʻo nā papa hawewe achromatic nā koho kūpono.

NIR

NIR Achromatic Wave Plate

SWIR

SWIR Achromatic Wave Plate

VIS

VIS Achromatic Wave Plate

Nā pā hawewe Super Achromatic
Ua like nā papa hawewe Super Achromatic me nā pā hawewe achromatic, akā hāʻawi i ka lohi palahalaha ma luna o kahi ākea ākea ākea. ʻO ka pā hawewe achromatic maʻamau he hoʻokahi pā quartz a me hoʻokahi pā MgF2, he mau haneli haneli nanometer lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hana ʻia kā mākou papa hawewe super achromatic mai ʻekolu mea, quartz, MgF2 a me sapphire, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka retardance palahalaha ma kahi ākea ākea ākea.

Fresnel Rhomb Retarders
Hoʻohana ka Fresnel Rhomb Retarders i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i loko ma nā kihi kikoʻī i loko o ka hale prism e hāʻawi i kahi lohi i nā kukui polarized. E like me nā papa Achromatic Wave, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi hoʻopaneʻe like ʻole ma luna o kahi ākea o nā lōʻihi nalu. Ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o Fresnel Rhomb Retarders wale nō ma muli o ka refractive index a me geometry o ka mea, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka hawewe nalu ma mua o ka Achromatic Waveplate i hana ʻia mai ka aniani birefringent. Hoʻokahi Fresnel Rhomb Retarders e hoʻopuka i kahi lohi o ka λ/4, ua like ke kukui puka me ke kukui hoʻokomo, akā hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma hope; Hoʻopuka ʻia kahi ʻelua Fresnel Rhomb Retarders i kahi manawa hoʻomaha o λ/2, aia ʻelua ʻelua Fresnel Rhomb Retarders. Hāʻawi mākou i nā BK7 Fresnel Rhomb Retarders maʻamau, loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ZnSe a me CaF2 ma ke noi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau retarder no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā noi diode a me nā fiber. Ma muli o ka hana ʻana o Fresnel Rhomb Retarders e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o loko, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka broadband a i ʻole ka hoʻohana achromatic.

Fresnel-Rhomb-Retarders

Fresnel Rhomb Retarders

Nā Rotators Polarization Crystalline Quartz
ʻO Crystalline Quartz Polarization Rotators he mau kristal quartz hoʻokahi e hoʻohuli i ka polarization o ke kukui hanana kūʻokoʻa i ka alignment ma waena o ka rotator a me ka polarization o ke kukui. Ma muli o ka hana hoʻololi o ke aniani quartz maoli, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā rotators polarization no laila e hoʻohuli ʻia ka mokulele o ka laina laina polarized beam ma kahi kihi kūikawā i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mānoanoa o ka aniani quartz. Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi aku i nā rotators lima hema a ʻākau. Ma muli o ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka mokulele polarization ma kahi kihi kikoʻī, ʻo Crystalline Quartz Polarization Rotators kahi koho maikaʻi loa i nā papa nalu a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohuli i ka polarization holoʻokoʻa o ke kukui ma ke axis optical, ʻaʻole wale kahi ʻāpana o ke kukui. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mālamalama hanana pono e kū pololei i ka rotator.

Hāʻawi ʻo Paralight Optics i nā pā hawewe Achromatic, nā pā hawewe Super Achromatic, nā pā hawewe cemented zero order, nā papa hawewe i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Optical, nā papa hawewe o nā ea, nā papa hawewe ʻoi ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. , Papa Hawewe Wave Kaulua, Papa Hawewe Kaulua, Papa Nalu Telecom, Papa Wave IR Zero Order Wave, Fresnel Rhomb Retarders, Mea paa apo no na Papa Hawewe, a me Quartz Polarization Rotators.

Na Papa Hawewe

Na Papa Hawewe

No ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka polarization optics a i ʻole e kiʻi i kahi ʻōlelo, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou.