1 Polarization ntawm lub teeb
Lub teeb muaj peb yam yooj yim, xws li wavelength, siv zog thiab polarization. Lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb yog yooj yim to taub, coj lub teeb pom kev zoo ua piv txwv, lub wavelength ntau yog 380 ~ 780nm. Qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb kuj yooj yim to taub, thiab seb lub teeb ntawm lub teeb muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog loj. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub polarization yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev co kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws xob teb vector ntawm lub teeb, uas tsis tuaj yeem pom thiab kov, yog li nws feem ntau tsis yooj yim to taub, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, lub polarization yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb. tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv lub neej, xws li cov kua siv lead ua kua peb pom txhua hnub, cov tshuab polarization yog siv los ua kom tiav cov xim thiab kev sib piv. Thaum saib cov yeeb yaj kiab 3D hauv xinesmas, 3D tsom iav kuj tau siv rau lub teeb pom kev zoo. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho qhov muag, kev nkag siab tag nrho ntawm polarization thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov tshuab kho qhov muag yuav pab tau zoo rau kev txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam thiab cov haujlwm ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, txij li thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav siv cov lus piav qhia yooj yim los qhia txog lub teeb polarization, kom txhua tus neeg muaj kev nkag siab tob txog polarization, thiab siv tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm.
2 Basic paub txog polarization
Vim tias muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus koom nrog, peb yuav faib lawv ua ob peb cov ntsiab lus los qhia lawv ib kauj ruam.
2.1 Lub tswv yim ntawm polarization
Peb paub tias lub teeb yog ib hom electromagnetic yoj, raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no, electromagnetic yoj muaj hluav taws xob E thiab magnetic teb B, uas yog perpendicular rau ib leeg. Ob lub nthwv dej oscillate nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev taw qhia thiab propagate horizontally raws txoj kev propagation Z.
Vim hais tias cov hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau nplaum sib nqus yog perpendicular rau ib leeg, cov theem yog tib yam, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog tib yam, yog li lub polarization ntawm lub teeb tau piav qhia los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev vibration ntawm hluav taws xob hauv kev xyaum.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no, hluav taws xob teb vector E tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv Ex vector thiab Ey vector, thiab lub npe hu ua polarization yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm oscillation kev taw qhia ntawm cov hluav taws xob teb Cheebtsam Ex thiab Ey dhau sijhawm thiab qhov chaw.
2.2 Ob peb lub ntsiab lus polarization
A. Elliptic polarization
Elliptical polarization yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws polarization xeev, nyob rau hauv uas ob lub cheeb tsam hluav taws xob muaj qhov sib txawv theem tsis tu ncua (ib qho propagating sai dua, ib qho propagating qeeb), thiab cov theem sib txawv tsis sib npaug rau ntau qhov ntau ntawm π / 2, thiab amplitude tuaj yeem yuav zoo ib yam los yog txawv. Yog tias koj saib raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev nthuav tawm, cov kab contour ntawm qhov kawg trajectory ntawm hluav taws xob teb vector yuav kos ib lub ellipse, raws li qhia hauv qab no:
B, linear polarization
Linear polarization yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm elliptic polarization, thaum ob lub teb hluav taws xob tsis yog theem sib txawv, qhov hluav taws xob teb vector oscillates nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau, yog saib raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm propagation, hluav taws xob teb vector endpoint trajectory contour yog ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. . Yog hais tias ob lub ntsiab lus muaj tib lub amplitude, qhov no yog 45 degree linear polarization qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
C, ncig polarization
Lub voj voog polarization kuj yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm elliptical polarization, thaum ob lub teb hluav taws xob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 90 degree thiab tib lub amplitude, raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev nthuav tawm, qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voog hluav taws xob yog lub voj voog, raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
2.3 Polarization kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb ci
Lub teeb tawm ncaj qha los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo tib yam yog cov teeb tsis sib xws ntawm suav tsis txheeb polarized lub teeb, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb pom kev ncaj ncees thaum pom ncaj qha. Qhov no lub teeb yoj siv zog uas vibrates nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev taw qhia yog hu ua lub teeb ntuj, nws muaj ib tug random hloov ntawm polarization lub xeev thiab theem sib txawv, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev vibration kev taw qhia perpendicular rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb yoj propagation, tsis qhia polarization, belongs rau lub tsis-polarized teeb. Lub teeb ntuj muaj xws li lub hnub ci, lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.
Tag nrho lub teeb polarized muaj qhov ruaj khov electromagnetic yoj oscillation kev taw qhia, thiab ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas suav nrog cov lus hais saum toj no, lub teeb elliptical polarized thiab lub teeb ci polarized.
Ib nrab lub teeb polarized muaj ob yam ntawm lub teeb ntuj thiab lub teeb polarized, xws li lub teeb laser peb feem ntau siv, uas tsis yog tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo los yog lub teeb tsis muaj polarized, ces nws yog ib feem ntawm lub teeb polarized. Txhawm rau kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub teeb polarized nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub teeb siv, lub tswv yim ntawm Degree of Polarization (DOP) yog qhia, uas yog qhov piv ntawm polarized lub teeb siv rau tag nrho lub teeb siv, xws li ntawm 0 mus rau 1,0 rau unpolarized. lub teeb, 1 rau tag nrho lub teeb polarized. Tsis tas li ntawd, linear polarization (DOLP) yog qhov piv ntawm linearly polarized lub teeb siv rau tag nrho lub teeb siv, thaum lub voj voog polarization (DOCP) yog qhov piv ntawm lub voj voog polarized lub teeb siv rau tag nrho lub teeb siv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej, cov teeb pom kev zoo LED emit ib nrab lub teeb polarized.
2.4 Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev polarization
Ntau lub ntsiab lus kho qhov muag muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub polarization ntawm lub nqaj, uas qee zaum xav tau los ntawm tus neeg siv thiab qee zaum tsis xav tau. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub teeb ntawm lub teeb yog reflected, nws cov polarization feem ntau yuav hloov, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ntuj lub teeb, reflected los ntawm cov dej nto, nws yuav dhau los ua ib nrab polarized lub teeb.
Tsuav yog cov nqaj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis dhau los ntawm qhov nruab nrab polarizing, nws lub xeev polarization tseem nyob ruaj khov. Yog tias koj xav kom muaj nuj nqis hloov pauv lub xeev polarization ntawm cov nqaj, koj tuaj yeem siv lub polarization optical caij ua li ntawd. Piv txwv li, lub quarter-yoj phaj yog ib hom polarization, uas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua birefringent, muab faib ua axis ceev thiab qeeb axis cov lus qhia, thiab tuaj yeem ncua cov theem ntawm π / 2 (90 °) ntawm qhov hluav taws xob teb vector parallel. mus rau qhov qeeb axis, thaum lub hluav taws xob teb vector parallel mus rau lub ceev axis tsis muaj ncua, yog li ntawd thaum linearly polarized teeb yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub quarter-yoj phaj ntawm ib tug polarization lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees, lub beam ntawm lub teeb los ntawm lub yoj phaj ua. ncig lub teeb polarized, raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Ua ntej, lub teeb ntuj raug hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov kab polarizer, thiab tom qab ntawd cov teeb pom kev zoo polarized dhau los ntawm 1/4 wavelength thiab dhau los ua lub teeb ci polarized, thiab lub teeb siv tsis hloov.
Ib yam li ntawd, thaum lub beam taug kev nyob rau hauv lub opposite direction thiab lub voj voog polarized lub teeb hits lub 1/4 phaj ntawm 45 degree polarization Angle, lub hlaws hla dhau los ua linearly polarized lub teeb.
Linearly polarized lub teeb tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb tsis muaj polarized los ntawm kev siv qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los. Tom qab lub teeb linearly polarized nkag mus rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke, nws tau cuam tshuam ntau zaus hauv tus kheej, thiab kev vibration ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, yog li cov zis kawg ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem tau txais lub teeb uas tsis yog polarized.
2.5 P teeb, S teeb thiab Brewster Lub kaum ntse ntse
P-lub teeb thiab S-light yog linearly polarized, polarized nyob rau hauv perpendicular cov lus qhia rau ib leeg, thiab lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum xav txog qhov kev xav thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov nqaj. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no, ib tug nqaj ntawm lub teeb ci rau ntawm qhov teeb meem dav hlau, tsim kev xav thiab refraction, thiab lub dav hlau tsim los ntawm qhov teeb meem beam thiab qhov qub txhais tau tias yog qhov xwm txheej dav hlau. P lub teeb (thawj tsab ntawv ntawm Parallel, lub ntsiab lus parallel) yog lub teeb uas nws cov kev taw qhia polarization yog sib npaug rau lub dav hlau ntawm qhov xwm txheej, thiab S lub teeb (thawj tsab ntawv ntawm Senkrecht, lub ntsiab lus ntsug) yog lub teeb uas nws txoj kev taw qhia polarization yog perpendicular rau lub dav hlau ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, thaum lub teeb ntuj pom thiab refracted ntawm lub dielectric interface, lub teeb pom kev thiab refracted lub teeb yog ib feem ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsuas yog thaum lub teeb pom kev yog lub kaum sab xis, lub polarization lub xeev ntawm lub teeb pom kev yog tag nrho perpendicular rau qhov xwm txheej. dav hlau S polarization, lub xeev polarization ntawm lub teeb refracted yuav luag sib npaug rau qhov xwm txheej dav hlau P polarization, lub sijhawm no qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb Angle hu ua Brewster Angle. Thaum lub teeb tshwm sim ntawm Brewster Angle, lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov sib npaug rau ib leeg. Siv cov cuab yeej no, linearly polarized teeb tuaj yeem tsim tau.
3 Kev xaus
Hauv daim ntawv no, peb qhia txog cov kev paub yooj yim ntawm optical polarization, lub teeb yog electromagnetic nthwv dej, nrog cov nyhuv nthwv dej, polarization yog kev vibration ntawm hluav taws xob teb vector hauv lub teeb yoj. Peb tau qhia peb lub ntsiab lus polarization, elliptic polarization, linear polarization thiab ncig polarization, uas feem ntau siv hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm polarization, lub teeb ci tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub teeb tsis muaj polarized, ib nrab lub teeb polarized thiab tag nrho lub teeb polarized, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb thiab kev ntxub ntxaug hauv kev xyaum. Nyob rau hauv teb rau cov saum toj no ob peb.
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Ntxiv: Tsev 1, No.1558, txawj ntse txoj kev, qingbaijiang, chengdu, Sichuan, Suav teb
Post lub sij hawm: May-27-2024
