⊙Aberration
Hauv optics, qhov tsis xws luag ntawm lub lens system uas ua rau nws cov duab sib txawv los ntawm cov cai ntawm paraxial duab.
- Spherical aberration
Thaum lub teeb rays yog reflected los ntawm ib tug spherical nto, rays ntawm qhov chaw heev yog teem rau ntawm ib tug txawv deb ntawm daim iav tshaj (parallel) rays.Nyob rau hauv Newtonian telescopes, paraboloidal tsom iav yog siv, raws li lawv tsom tag nrho cov duab sib npaug mus rau tib lub ntsiab lus.Txawm li cas los xij, cov iav paraboloidal raug kev txom nyem los ntawm coma.
- Chromatic aberration
Qhov no aberration tshwm sim los ntawm cov xim sib txawv los tsom rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.Txhua lub lens muaj qee qhov kev sib txawv ntawm chromatic aberration.Achromatic lo ntsiab muag muaj tsawg kawg yog ob xim los ua kom pom tseeb.Achromatic refractors feem ntau raug kho kom muaj ntsuab, thiab xim liab lossis xiav tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb, tsis quav ntsej cov violet.Qhov no ua rau cov violet ci ntsa iab lossis xiav halos nyob ib puag ncig Vega lossis lub hli, vim tias cov xim ntsuab thiab xim liab tab tom los tsom, tab sis txij li cov violet lossis xiav tsis yog, cov xim no tsis pom tseeb thiab tsis pom tseeb.
- Coma
Qhov no yog qhov off-axis aberration, uas yog, tsuas yog cov khoom (rau peb lub hom phiaj, hnub qub) uas tsis nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab raug cuam tshuam.Lub teeb rays nkag mus rau qhov kho qhov muag kom deb ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum sab xis yog tsom rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv dua li cov uas nkag mus rau qhov kho qhov muag ntawm lossis ze ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag.Qhov no ua rau cov duab zoo li comet raug tsim tawm ntawm nruab nrab ntawm daim duab.
- Teb curvature
Lub teb nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yog qhov tseeb lub dav hlau focal, los yog lub dav hlau ntawm lub tsom iav qhov muag.Rau kev yees duab, lub dav hlau no yog qhov tseeb planar (flat), tab sis qee qhov kho qhov muag muab cov dav hlau nkhaus.Qhov tseeb, feem ntau cov telescopes muaj qee qhov ntawm qhov curvature.Nws yog qee zaum hu ua Petzval Field Curvature, raws li lub dav hlau uas cov duab ntog yog hu ua Petzval nto.Feem ntau, thaum hu ua aberration, qhov curvature yog zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv daim duab, los yog rotationally symmetrical txog qhov kho qhov muag axis.
- Distortion - chim
Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov nruab nrab mus rau ntug ntawm daim duab.Lub square xaus mus saib bloated, los yog chim-zoo li.
- Distortion - pincushiond
Qhov txo qis hauv qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw mus rau ntug ntawm daim duab.Lub square xaus mus saib pinched, zoo li pincushion.
- Dab dab
Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov projection ntawm daim duab tawm ntawm qhov chaw lossis lub teeb rau hauv qhov kev pom.Feem ntau tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem nrog tsis zoo Baffled eyepieces thiab cov khoom ci.
- Lub raum beam effect
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Televue 12mm Nagler Type 2 teeb meem.Yog tias koj lub qhov muag tsis yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm FIELD LENS, thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag, ib feem ntawm daim duab muaj lub raum dub taum thaiv ib feem ntawm koj qhov kev pom.
⊙Achromat
Lub lens uas muaj ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus, feem ntau ntawm cov iav thiab flint iav, uas tau raug kho rau chromatic aberration nrog rau ob qho kev xaiv wavelengths.Kuj tseem hu ua achromatic lens.
⊙Anti-reflection txheej
Ib txheej nyias ntawm cov khoom siv rau lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag kom txo tau qhov kev xav ntawm lub zog.
⊙Aspherical
Tsis yog kheej kheej;ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag muaj ib lossis ntau qhov chaw uas tsis yog kheej kheej.Lub ntsej muag kheej kheej ntawm lub lens tuaj yeem hloov kho me ntsis kom txo cov kheej kheej aberration.
⊙Astigmatism
Lub lens aberration uas ua rau lub tangential thiab sagittal duab dav hlau raug cais axially.Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm daim teb curvature qhov chaw ntawm kev pom yog nkhaus sib txawv rau cov rays ntawm lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm qhov sib txawv.Hais txog telescope optics, ASTIGMATISM los ntawm daim iav los yog lub lens muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis FOCAL LENGTH thaum ntsuas nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia hla lub dav hlau duab, dua li thaum ntsuas perpendicular rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawd.
⊙Rov qab focal
Qhov deb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub lens mus rau nws lub dav hlau duab.
⊙Beamsplitter
Ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag rau kev faib cov nqaj rau hauv ob lossis ntau qhov sib cais.
⊙Broadband txheej
Coatings uas cuam tshuam nrog ib tug kuj dav spectral bandwidth.
⊙Qhov chaw
Tus nqi ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kho qhov muag axis ntawm lub lens los ntawm nws cov axis mechanical.
⊙Daim iav txias
Cov lim uas xa cov wavelengths nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam infrared spectral (> 700 nm) thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam pom wavelengths.
⊙Dielectric txheej
Txheej muaj cov txheej txheej txheej ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm qhov siab dua refractive index thiab qis dua refractive index.
⊙Diffraction txwv
Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab kho qhov muag uas tsuas yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm diffraction txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov duab nws tsim.
⊙Focal zoo
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb mus rau lub focal point.
⊙F tus lej
Qhov piv ntawm qhov sib npaug focal ntev ntawm lub lens rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag.
⊙FWM
Tag nrho dav ntawm ib nrab siab tshaj plaws.
⊙Infrared IR
Wavelength saum 760 nm, pom tsis tau ntawm lub qhov muag.
⊙Laser
Cov kab mob hnyav ntawm lub teeb uas yog monochromatic, coherent, thiab sib txuam heev.
⊙Laser diode
Lub teeb-emitting diode tsim los siv txhawb emission los tsim ib coherent lub teeb tso zis.
⊙Magnification
Qhov piv ntawm qhov loj ntawm daim duab ntawm ib yam khoom rau qhov khoom.
⊙Multilayer txheej
Ib txheej ua los ntawm ntau txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj alternating siab thiab qis refractive index.
⊙Tsis siv neeg lim lim
Nruab nruab nruab nrab-dens lim dej, sib cais, lossis sib txuas sib txuas hauv ntau qhov kev piv txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm yoj.
⊙Tus lej aperature
Lub sine ntawm lub kaum sab xis ua los ntawm marginal rays ntawm ib lub lens nrog lub optical axis.
⊙Lub hom phiaj
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas tau txais lub teeb los ntawm cov khoom thiab tsim thawj lossis thawj daim duab hauv telescopes thiab microscopes.
⊙Optical axis
Txoj kab dhau los ntawm ob qhov chaw ntawm curvatures ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag ntawm lub lens.
⊙Optical tiaj tus
Ib daim iav, pyrex, los yog quartz muaj ib los yog ob qho tib si nto ua tib zoo hauv av thiab polished plano, feem ntau tiaj tus tsawg tshaj li ib feem kaum ntawm lub wavelength.
⊙Paraxial
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov muag uas tsuas yog txwv rau qhov me me apertures infinitesimally.
⊙Parfocal
Muaj coincident focal point.
⊙Pinhole
Ib tug me me ntse ntug qhov, siv raws li ib tug aperture los yog qhov muag lens.
⊙Polarization
Ib qho kev qhia ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob flux hauv electromagnetic teb.
⊙Kev xav
Rov qab ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov chaw, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv wavelength.
⊙Refraction
Kev khoov ntawm oblique xwm txheej rays thaum lawv dhau los ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
⊙Refractive Index
Qhov piv ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev mus rau qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb hauv cov khoom siv refractive rau ib lub wavelength muab.
⊙Sag
Qhov siab ntawm qhov nkhaus ntsuas los ntawm chord.
⊙Spatical lim
Qhov siab ntawm qhov nkhaus ntsuas los ntawm chord.
⊙Striae
Ib qho tsis zoo hauv cov iav kho qhov muag uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom pob tshab uas muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm lub cev ntawm iav.
⊙Telecentric lens
Lub lens nyob rau hauv uas lub aperture nres yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej tsom, uas ua rau cov thawj rays nyob rau hauv parallel mus rau lub optical axis nyob rau hauv daim duab qhov chaw;piv txwv li, tus tub kawm ntawv tawm yog nyob rau hauv infinity.
⊙Telephoto
Lub lens compound thiaj li tsim tau tias nws qhov ntev tag nrho yog sib npaug los yog tsawg dua nws qhov ntev focal ntev.
⊙TIR
Rays nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej raws li huab cua / iav ciam teb ntawm cov ces kaum ntau dua li lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb tau cuam tshuam nrog 100% kev ua haujlwm tsis hais txog lawv qhov pib polarization.
⊙Kev sib kis
Nyob rau hauv optics, lub conduction ntawm radiant zog los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab.
⊙ UV
Lub cheeb tsam tsis pom ntawm lub spectrum hauv qab 380 nm.
⊙V Coat
Kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwj xeeb wavelength nrog yuav luag 0 kev xav, yog li hu ua vim V-puab ntawm lub scan nkhaus.
⊙Vignetting
Qhov txo qis hauv illumination deb ntawm optical axis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kho qhov muag uas tshwm sim los ntawm clipping ntawm off-axis rays los ntawm apertures nyob rau hauv lub system.
⊙Wavefront deformation
Tawm ntawm lub wavefront los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws vim qhov kev txwv tsim los yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw.
⊙Waveplate
Waveplates, tseem hu ua retardation daim hlau, yog birefringent optical ntsiab nrog ob optic axes, ib tug ceev thiab ib tug qeeb.Waveplates tsim tag nrho-, ib nrab- thiab lub quarter-wave retardations.
⊙Ntug
Ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag muaj lub dav hlau inclined nto.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-10-2023