Nto Zoo
Qhov saum npoo zoo ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag piav qhia nws cov tsos zoo nkauj thiab suav nrog xws li qhov tsis xws li khawb thiab khawb, lossis khawb.Feem ntau, cov teeb meem saum npoo no yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nkaus xwb thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau poob me me hauv kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab nce me me ntawm lub teeb tawg.Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov chaw, txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau cov teebmeem no xws li: (1) qhov chaw ntawm cov duab dav hlau vim tias cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam thiab (2) qhov chaw uas pom muaj zog ntau dua vim tias cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog nqus thiab puas. lub optic.Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws siv rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw yog khawb-dig specification tau piav qhia los ntawm MIL-PRF-13830B.Kev kos npe kos yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv cov khawb ntawm ib qho chaw rau cov txheej txheem khawb hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo.Yog li qhov kev kos npe kos tsis tau piav qhia qhov tseeb kos nws tus kheej, tab sis theej muab piv rau tus qauv kos raws li MIL-Spec.Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev khawb yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov khawb, lossis qhov me me hauv qhov chaw.Kev kos npe khawb yog xam ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov khawb hauv microns muab faib los ntawm 10. Scratch-dig specifications ntawm 80-50 feem ntau suav tias yog tus qauv zoo, 60-40 precision zoo, thiab 20-10 siab precision zoo.
| Table 6: Kev Tsim Kho Kom Zoo Rau Qhov Zoo | |
| Surface Quality (scratch-dig) | Qib Qib |
| 80-50 | Hom |
| 60-40 | Precision |
| 40-20 | Siab Precision |
Nto Flatness
Surface flatness yog ib hom ntawm qhov tseeb qhov tseeb uas ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus xws li daim iav, qhov rais, prism, lossis plano-lens.Qhov kev sib txawv no tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv qhov chaw kho qhov muag, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tiaj siv los sib piv cov flatness ntawm ib daim ntawv xeem.Thaum lub tiaj tiaj ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov muag pom tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag, cov fringes tshwm sim uas nws cov duab dictates qhov flatness ntawm optic nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam.Yog tias cov fringes sib npaug sib npaug, ncaj, thiab sib npaug, ces qhov chaw kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim yog tsawg kawg nkaus raws li qhov kev siv kho qhov muag tiaj tus.Yog hais tias cov fringes yog nkhaus, tus naj npawb ntawm fringes ntawm ob txoj kab kev xav, ib qho tangent mus rau nruab nrab ntawm ib lub fringe thiab ib qho los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tib lub fringe, qhia qhov flatness yuam kev.Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog feem ntau ntsuas nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nthwv dej (λ), uas yog qhov ntau ntawm cov wavelength ntawm qhov ntsuas.Ib lub fringe sib raug rau ½ ntawm nthwv dej, piv txwv li, 1 λ sib npaug rau 2 fringes.
| Table 7: Manufacturing Tolerances for Flatness | |
| Flatness | Qib Qib |
| 1 hli | Hom |
| hl/4 | Precision |
| hl/10 | Siab Precision |
Hwj chim
Lub hwj chim yog ib hom ntawm qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw, siv rau qhov chaw kho qhov muag nkhaus, lossis cov chaw uas muaj zog.Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm curvature ntawm qhov chaw ntawm optic thiab txawv ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm curvature nyob rau hauv uas nws siv rau micro-scale deviation nyob rau hauv lub spherical duab ntawm lub lens.Piv txwv li, xav txog lub vojvoog ntawm curvature kam rau ua yog txhais tau tias yog 100 +/- 0.1mm, thaum lub vojvoog no tsim, polished thiab ntsuas, peb pom nws qhov curvature tiag tiag yog 99.95mm uas poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm siab.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb paub hais tias lub focal ntev kuj yog vim hais tias peb twb ua tiav qhov tseeb spherical duab.Tab sis tsuas yog vim lub vojvoog thiab focal ntev yog qhov tseeb, tsis tau txhais hais tias lub lens yuav ua raws li tsim.Yog li ntawd nws tsis txaus los txhais lub vojvoog ntawm curvature tab sis kuj yog qhov sib xws ntawm curvature - thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub hwj chim tsim los tswj.Ib zaug ntxiv siv tib lub vojvoog 99.95 hli uas tau hais los saum no, tus kws kho qhov muag yuav xav tau ntxiv tswj qhov tseeb ntawm lub teeb refracted los ntawm kev txwv lub zog rau ≤ 1 λ.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias dhau tag nrho txoj kab uas hla, yuav tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntau dua li 632.8nm (1λ = 632.8nm) hauv qhov sib xws ntawm cov duab kheej kheej.Ntxiv qhov kev tswj hwm nruj dua no rau daim ntawv saum npoo yuav pab kom paub tseeb tias lub teeb ci ntawm ib sab ntawm lub lens tsis refrac txawv dua li cov nyob rau sab nraud.Txij li thaum lub hom phiaj yuav ua kom pom tseeb ntawm txhua qhov teeb meem teeb meem, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov duab, lub teeb pom tseeb dua yuav coj tus cwj pwm thaum hla lub lens.
Opticians qhia txog qhov yuam kev ntawm lub zog ntawm cov nthwv dej lossis fringes thiab ntsuas nws siv lub interferometer.Nws yog kuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug zam zoo li flatness, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug nkhaus nto yog piv rau ib tug siv nto nrog ib tug heev calibrated vojvoog ntawm curvature.Siv tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua sib txawv ntawm ob qhov chaw, kev cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm fringes yog siv los piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw siv (Daim duab 11).Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv siv yuav tsim ib lub nplhaib, hu ua Newton's Rings.Qhov ntau lub nplhaib tam sim no, qhov loj dua qhov sib txawv.Tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj lossis lub teeb ci, tsis yog qhov sib npaug ntawm ob qho tib si lub teeb thiab tsaus, sib raug rau ob zaug ntawm cov nthwv dej ntawm qhov yuam kev.
Daim duab 11: Lub zog yuam kev kuaj los ntawm kev sib piv rau qhov chaw siv los yog siv lub interferometer
Lub zog yuam kev cuam tshuam nrog qhov yuam kev hauv lub vojvoog ntawm qhov nkhaus los ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv qab no qhov twg ∆R yog lub vojvoog yuam kev, D yog lub lens txoj kab uas hla, R yog lub vojvoog saum npoo, thiab λ yog qhov wavelength (feem ntau 632.8nm):
Fais fab yuam kev [wave or λ] = ∆R D²/8R²λ
Daim duab 12: Fais fab yuam kev hla Diameter vs Radius yuam kev ntawm qhov chaw
Tsis ncaj ncees lawm
Irregularity yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub me me variations ntawm ib tug optical nto.Zoo li lub hwj chim, nws yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nthwv dej los yog fringes thiab tus cwj pwm siv lub interferometer.Conceptually, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xav txog irregularity raws li ib tug specification uas txhais yuav ua li cas uniformly du ib tug kho qhov muag nto yuav tsum.Thaum tag nrho cov ntsuas peaks thiab hav ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag yuav zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kho qhov muag yuav pom qhov sib txawv loj dua.Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub teeb refracted los ntawm lub lens yuav coj txawv nyob ntawm seb nws yog refracted los ntawm lub optic.Yog li kev tsis sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum tsim cov lo ntsiab muag.Cov duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas qhov no deg daim ntawv sib txawv los ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo kawg nkaus tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm siv qhov tsis sib xws PV specification.
Daim duab 13: Irregularity PV Measurement
Irregularity yog ib hom ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov duab ntawm qhov chaw deviates los ntawm cov duab ntawm qhov chaw siv.Nws yog tau los ntawm kev ntsuas tib yam li lub zog.Regularity yog hais txog lub sphericity ntawm lub voj voog fringes uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm qhov chaw xeem mus rau qhov chaw siv.Thaum lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug nto yog ntau tshaj 5 fringes, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav tau me me irregularities ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1 fringe.Yog li nws yog ib qho kev xyaum qhia kom meej qhov chaw nrog qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kwv yees li 5: 1.
Daim duab 14: Flatness vs Power vs Irregularity
RMS Verses PV Hwj chim thiab tsis xwm yeem
Thaum tham txog lub hwj chim thiab qhov tsis sib xws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog ob txoj hauv kev uas lawv yuav raug txhais.Thawj yog tus nqi kiag li.Piv txwv li, yog tias ib qho optic txhais tau tias muaj 1 yoj irregularity, yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj 1 nthwv dej sib txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag lossis lub ncov-rau-kiv (PV).Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog qhia lub hwj chim los yog irregularity li 1 yoj RMS (hauv paus txhais tau tias squared) los yog nruab nrab.Hauv kev txhais lus no, qhov chaw kho qhov muag txhais tau tias yog 1 nthwv dej RMS tsis xwm yeem, qhov tseeb, muaj cov ncov thiab hav uas muaj ntau tshaj 1 nthwv dej, txawm li cas los xij, thaum kuaj tag nrho saum npoo, qhov nruab nrab qhov tsis sib xws yuav tsum poob hauv 1 nthwv dej.
Tag nrho hauv tag nrho, RMS thiab PV yog ob txoj hauv kev los piav qhia qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xws nws cov qauv curvature, hu ua "surface figure" thiab "surface roughness," feem.Lawv ob leeg suav los ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv, xws li kev ntsuas interferometer, tab sis lub ntsiab lus txawv heev.PV yog qhov zoo ntawm kev muab "qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws" rau saum npoo;RMS yog ib txoj hauv kev los piav qhia qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab saum npoo los ntawm qhov xav tau lossis siv qhov chaw.RMS yog qhov zoo rau kev piav qhia tag nrho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw.Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm PV thiab RMS.Txawm li cas los xij raws li txoj cai dav dav, tus nqi RMS yog kwv yees li 0.2 li nruj raws li qhov tsis yog qhov nruab nrab thaum piv rau ib sab, piv txwv li 0.1 nthwv dej tsis tu ncua PV yog sib npaug li kwv yees li 0.5 yoj RMS.
Nto tiav
Deg tag, tseem hu ua nto roughness, ntsuas me me irregularities ntawm ib tug nto.Lawv feem ntau yog qhov tsis muaj hmoo los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem polishing thiab cov khoom siv.Txawm hais tias lub optic tau pom zoo tshwj xeeb nrog kev tsis sib xws me me thoob plaws qhov chaw, ntawm kev soj ntsuam ze, kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb yuav qhia tau ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kev ntxhib los mos.Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov khoom cuav no yog sib piv qhov roughness ntawm cov ntawv xuab zeb.Txawm hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws grit loj yuav hnov zoo thiab tsis tu ncua rau qhov kov, qhov saum npoo yog tiag tiag tsim los ntawm microscopic peaks thiab hav uas txiav txim siab los ntawm lub cev loj ntawm cov grit nws tus kheej.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm optics, "grit" tuaj yeem xav tias yog microscopic irregularities nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxhib los mos los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm polish.Cov chaw ntxhib yuav hnav sai dua qhov chaw du thiab tej zaum yuav tsis haum rau qee qhov kev siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lasers lossis kub kub, vim qhov chaw nucleation tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov kab nrib pleb me me lossis tsis zoo.
Tsis zoo li lub zog thiab qhov tsis sib xws, uas yog ntsuas hauv cov nthwv dej lossis feem ntawm cov nthwv dej, qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw, vim nws qhov ze ze ntawm qhov kev ntxhib los mos, yog ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm angstroms thiab ib txwm nyob ntawm RMS.Rau kev sib piv, nws yuav siv kaum angstroms kom sib npaug ib nanometer thiab 632.8 nanometers kom sib npaug ib nthwv dej.
Daim duab 15: Nto Roughness RMS Kev Ntsuas
| Table 8: Kev tsim khoom kam rau ua tiav qhov tiav | |
| Nto Roughness (RMS) | Qib Qib |
| 50 Å | Hom |
| 20 Å | Precision |
| 5 Å | Siab Precision |
Transmitted Wavefront yuam kev
Transmitted wavefront yuam kev (TWE) yog siv los tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thaum lub teeb hla dhau.Tsis zoo li qhov kev ntsuas saum npoo av, kev ntsuas kev sib kis ntawm lub ntsej muag muaj xws li kev ua yuam kev los ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum, npoo, thiab homogeneity ntawm cov khoom.Qhov kev ntsuas no ntawm kev ua tau zoo tag nrho muab kev nkag siab zoo dua ntawm optic qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv ntiaj teb.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam khoom siv kho qhov muag raug kuaj ib tus zuj zus rau daim ntawv saum npoo los yog TWE specifications, cov khoom no yog inevitably tsim rau hauv ntau txoj kev kho qhov muag sib dhos nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm lawv tus kheej.Hauv qee daim ntawv thov nws tuaj yeem tso siab rau kev ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab kev ua siab ntev los kwv yees qhov ua tau zoo kawg, tab sis rau cov ntawv thov xav tau ntau dua nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas lub rooj sib txoos ua-tsim.
Kev ntsuas TWE yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias lub tshuab kho qhov muag tau tsim los rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab yuav ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas TWE tuaj yeem siv los ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, txo lub sijhawm sib dhos, thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev xav tau ua tiav.
Paralight Optics suav nrog lub xeev-ntawm-tus-kos duab CNC grinders thiab polishers, ob qho tib si rau cov qauv kheej kheej, nrog rau, aspheric thiab dawb-daim duab contours.Ua haujlwm cov kev ntsuas qib siab suav nrog Zygo interferometers, profileometers, TriOptics Opticentric, TriOptics OptiSpheric, thiab lwm yam rau ob qho tib si hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas thiab kev soj ntsuam zaum kawg, nrog rau peb xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv kev tsim kho qhov muag & txheej tso cai rau peb los daws qee qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab high-performing optics kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau kho qhov muag specification los ntawm cov neeg muas zaub.
Yog xav paub ntxiv nyob rau hauv-tob specification, thov mus saib peb catalog optics los yog featured khoom.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-26-2023