1 Polarization nke ìhè
Ìhè nwere ihe atọ bụ isi, ya bụ ogologo wavelength, ike na polarization. The wavelength nke ìhè dị mfe nghọta, na-ewere nkịtị anya ìhè dị ka ihe atụ, wavelength nso bụ 380 ~ 780nm. Ike nke ìhè dịkwa mfe nghọta, na ma ọkụ ọkụ dị ike ma ọ bụ na-adịghị ike nwere ike iji oke ike mara. N'ụzọ dị iche, njirimara polarization nke ìhè bụ nkọwa nke ntụziaka vibration nke ọkụ eletrik eletrik nke ìhè, nke a na-apụghị ịhụ anya ma metụ ya aka, n'ihi ya, ọ naghị adịkarị mfe nghọta, Otú ọ dị, n'eziokwu, njirimara polarization nke ìhè. dịkwa oke mkpa, ma nwee ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na ndụ, dị ka ihe ngosi kristal mmiri mmiri anyị na-ahụ kwa ụbọchị, a na-eji nkà na ụzụ polarization eme ihe iji nweta ihe ngosi agba na mgbanwe dị iche iche. Mgbe ị na-ekiri ihe nkiri 3D na sinima, a na-etinyekwa iko 3D na polarization nke ìhè. Maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ ngwa anya, nghọta zuru oke banyere polarization na ngwa ya na usoro ihe anya bara uru ga-enyere aka ịkwalite ọganihu nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ. Ya mere, site na mmalite nke isiokwu a, anyị ga-eji nkọwa dị mfe iji webata polarization nke ìhè, nke mere na onye ọ bụla nwere nghọta miri emi nke polarization, na iji ya mee ihe nke ọma.
2 Ihe ọmụma bụ isi nke polarization
N'ihi na enwere ọtụtụ echiche dị na ya, anyị ga-ekewa ha n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta iji webata ha site na nzọụkwụ.
2.1 Echiche nke polarization
Anyị maara na ọkụ bụ ụdị ebili mmiri electromagnetic, dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esonụ, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ebe eletriki E na ebe ndọta B, nke na-adabere na ibe ha. Ebili mmiri abụọ ahụ na-amagharị n'akụkụ ha ma na-agbasa n'ahịrị n'akụkụ ụzọ mgbasa Z.
N'ihi na ọkụ eletrik na oghere magnetik na-adabere na ibe ya, usoro ahụ bụ otu, na ntụziaka nke mgbasa ozi bụ otu, ya mere a na-akọwa polarization nke ìhè site n'ịtụle vibration nke ọkụ eletrik na omume.
Dị ka e gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a, enwere ike imebi ihe ọkụkụ eletrik E n'ime Ex vector na Ey vector, na ihe a na-akpọ polarization bụ nkesa ntụgharị oscillation nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka eletriki Ex na ey n'ime oge na ohere.
2.2 Ọtụtụ steeti polarization bụ isi
A. Elliptic polarization
Elliptical polarization bụ ọnọdụ polarization kachasị dị mkpa, nke ihe abụọ dị n'ọhịa eletrik nwere ọdịiche na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile (otu na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, otu na-agbasa nwayọ nwayọ), na ọdịiche nke oge adịghị nhata na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke π/2, na njupụta nwere ike. bụrụ otu ma ọ bụ dị iche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ele anya na ntụziaka nke mgbasa, contour ahịrị nke endpoint trajectory nke eletrik eletrik vector ga-adọta ellipse, dị ka egosiri n'okpuru:
B, polarization linear
Linear polarization bụ ụdị pụrụ iche nke elliptik polarization, mgbe akụkụ abụọ nke ọkụ eletrik na-abụghị akụkụ dị iche iche, vector mpaghara eletrik na-agbagharị n'otu ụgbọ elu, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ele ya anya n'ụzọ nke mgbasa, oghere eletriki vector endpoint trajectory contour bụ ahịrị kwụ ọtọ. . Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere otu njupụta, nke a bụ akara polarization ogo 45 nke egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru.
C, polarization okirikiri
Circular polarization bụkwa ụdị pụrụ iche nke elliptical polarization, mgbe ihe abụọ dị n'ọhịa eletrik nwere ọdịiche nke ogo 90 na otu njupụta ahụ, n'akụkụ ụzọ mgbasa, njedebe njedebe nke vector vector eletrik bụ okirikiri, dị ka egosiri na foto a:
2.3 nhazi ọkwa nke isi iyi ọkụ
Ìhè ahụ na-apụta kpọmkwem site na isi iyi nkịtị bụ ọkụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke na-enweghị ike ịhụ ya, n'ihi ya, a pụghị ịhụ ya n'akụkụ ebe ọkụ ọkụ na-adabere na ya mgbe a hụrụ ya ozugbo. Nke a na ụdị ìhè ife ike nke na-ama jijiji n'akụkụ niile a na-akpọ eke ìhè, ọ nwere a random mgbanwe nke polarization steeti na nke oge dị iche, gụnyere niile kwere omume vibration ntụziaka perpendicular na ntụziaka nke ìhè ife propagation, adịghị egosi polarization, bụ nke ìhè na-abụghị polarized. Ìhè sitere n'okike na-agụnye ìhè anyanwụ, ìhè sitere na bọlbụ ezinụlọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ìhè ọkụ zuru oke nwere ntụzịaka oscillation electromagnetic kwụsiri ike, akụkụ abụọ nke mpaghara ọkụ eletrik nwere ọdịiche oge niile, nke gụnyere ọkụ ahịrị kwụ ọtọ nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, ìhè elliptically polarized na ìhè polarized okirikiri.
Ìhè na-egbuke egbuke nwere akụkụ abụọ nke ìhè eke na ìhè polarized, dị ka laser beam anyị na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke na-abụghị ìhè polarized zuru oke ma ọ bụ ìhè na-enweghị polarized, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ nke ìhè nke akụkụ ya. Iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ìhè polarized dị na ọkụ ọkụ zuru ezu, a na-ewebata echiche nke Degree of Polarization (DOP), nke bụ nha nke ọkụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na mkpokọta ọkụ ọkụ, sitere na 0 ruo 1,0 maka enweghị ike. ìhè, 1 maka ìhè polarized zuru oke. Na mgbakwunye, linear polarization (DOLP) bụ oke nke ike ọkụ kwụ n'ahịrị na mkpokọta ọkụ ọkụ, ebe okirikiri polarization (DOCP) bụ oke nke ike ọkụ dị okirikiri na mkpokọta ọkụ. N'ime ndụ, ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekupụta ìhè nke nwere akụkụ.
2.4 Ntughari n'etiti steeti polarization
Ọtụtụ ihe anya na-enwe mmetụta na polarization nke beam, nke onye ọrụ na-atụ anya mgbe ụfọdụ ma mgbe ụfọdụ anaghị atụ anya ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ọkụ na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, polarization ya ga-agbanwekarị, n'ihe banyere ìhè eke, na-egosipụta site na mmiri mmiri, ọ ga-aghọ ìhè nke nwere akụkụ.
Ọ bụrụhaala na ọkụ anaghị egosipụta ma ọ bụ na-agafe n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ polarization, ọnọdụ polarization ya ka na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịgbanwe n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ụdị polarization nke osisi ahụ, ị nwere ike iji ihe nlele anya polarization mee ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, efere nke ebili mmiri nkeji iri na ise bụ ihe na-emekarị polarization, nke a na-eji ihe kristal birefringent, kewara n'ime axis ngwa ngwa na ntụziaka axis na-adịghị ngwa, ma nwee ike igbu oge oge nke π/2 (90 °) nke vector vector eletrik. na axis dị nwayọọ, ebe vector dị n'ọhịa eletrik na-ejikọta na axis ngwa ngwa adịghị egbu oge, nke mere na mgbe linearly polarized ìhè na-eme na efere nkeji iri na ise na polarization Angle nke 45 degrees, The doo nke ìhè site na ife efe efere na-aghọ. ìhè okirikiri gbara okirikiri, dị ka egosiri na eserese dị n'okpuru. Nke mbụ, a na-agbanwe ìhè eke ka ọ bụrụ ìhè nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ linearly polarized ìhè na linear polarizer, na mgbe ahụ, ìhè polarized na-agafe na 1/4 wavelength wee ghọọ ìhè polarized okirikiri, na ike ọkụ adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.
N'otu aka ahụ, mgbe ọkụ ahụ na-aga n'akụkụ nke ọzọ na ìhè polarized okirikiri rutere efere 1/4 n'ogo polarization ogo 45, ọkụ na-agafe na-aghọ ìhè polarized.
Enwere ike ịgbanwe ọkụ nke nwere eriri kwụ ọtọ ka ọ bụrụ ìhè na-enweghị ntụpọ site n'iji akụkụ njikọta nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'isiokwu bu ụzọ. Mgbe ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na-abanye n'ime oghere na-ejikọta ya, a na-egosipụta ya ọtụtụ ugboro na mpaghara ahụ, a na-akụghasịkwa vibration nke mpaghara eletriki, nke mere na njedebe mmepụta nke oghere na-ejikọta nwere ike nweta ìhè na-abụghị polarized.
2.5 P ọkụ, S ìhè na Brewster Angle
Ma P-ìhè na S-ìhè bụ linearly polarized, polarized na perpendicular ntụziaka ọ bụla ọzọ, na ha bara uru mgbe ị na-atụle echiche na refraction nke ibé. Dị ka e gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a, ọkụ ọkụ na-enwu n'elu ụgbọ elu ihe ahụ merenụ, na-eme ka ntụgharị uche na ntụgharị uche, na ụgbọ elu nke ihe ahụ merenụ na-akọwapụta ìhè dị ka ụgbọ elu merenụ. P ìhè (akwụkwọ ozi mbụ nke Parallel, nke pụtara ihe yiri ya) bụ ìhè onye ntụzịaka ya dị na ụgbọ elu nke ihe omume, na S ìhè (akwụkwọ ozi mbụ nke Senkrecht, nke pụtara vetikal) bụ ìhè onye ntụzịaka polarization bụ perpendicular na ụgbọ elu nke omume.
N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, mgbe ìhè eke na-egosipụta ma na-atụgharị na interface dielectric, ìhè na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na ìhè na-egbuke egbuke na-abụ akụkụ nke ìhè, naanị mgbe akụkụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ a kapịrị ọnụ, ọnọdụ polarization nke ìhè na-egbuke egbuke na-adabere kpamkpam na ihe ahụ merenụ. ụgbọ elu S polarization, ọnọdụ polarization nke ọkụ refracted fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dakọtara na ụgbọ elu ahụ merenụ P polarization, n'oge a ka a na-akpọ akụkụ ihe omume ahụ kpọmkwem Brewster Angle. Mgbe ọkụ na-eme na Brewster Angle, ìhè na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na ọkụ a na-atụgharị na-adabere na ibe ya. N'iji ihe onwunwe a, enwere ike ịmepụta ọkụ nwere eriri eriri.
3 Nkwubi okwu
N'ime akwụkwọ a, anyị na-ewebata ihe ọmụma bụ isi nke polarization anya, ọkụ bụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic, na-enwe mmetụta nke ebili mmiri, polarization bụ ịma jijiji nke vector dị n'ọhịa eletrik na ọkụ ọkụ. Anyị ewebatala steeti atọ bụ isi nke polarization, elliptical polarization, linear polarization na polarization okirikiri, nke a na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Dị ka ogo dị iche iche nke polarization si dị, enwere ike kewaa isi iyi ọkụ n'ime ọkụ na-abụghị nke ọkụ, akụkụ nke ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkụ zuru oke, nke kwesịrị ka a mara ya na ịkpa ókè na omume. Na nzaghachi na n'elu ọtụtụ.
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Tinye: Ụlọ 1, No.1558, okporo ụzọ ọgụgụ isi, qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, china
Oge nzipu: Mee-27-2024
