Nchịkọta
A na-eji optics polarization gbanwee ọnọdụ polarization nke radieshon merenụ. Optics anyị na-ahụ anya gụnyere polarizers, efere ife / retarders, depolarizers, faraday rotators, na anya dịpụrụ adịpụ n'elu UV, anya, ma ọ bụ IR spectral ranges.
1064 nm Faraday Rotator
Ọpụrụiche oghere oghere
Ike dị elu ND-YAG Polarizer
Nhazi anya na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ogologo na ịdị ike nke ìhè, ebe ọ na-eleghara polarization ya anya. Otú ọ dị, polarization bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ìhè dị ka ebili mmiri. Ìhè bụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic, ebe ọkụ eletrik nke ebili mmiri a na-agbagharịkwa n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-agbasa. Polarization steeti na-akọwa nghazi nke oscillation nke ebili mmiri n'ihe metụtara ntụzịaka nke mgbasa. A na-akpọ ọkụ na-enweghị polarized ma ọ bụrụ na ntụzịaka nke ọkụ eletrik a na-agbanwe na-enweghị usoro n'oge. Ọ bụrụ na a kọwapụtara ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik nke ọma, a na-akpọ ya ọkụ ọkụ. Ebe kachasị esi enweta ìhè polarized bụ laser. Dabere n'otú ebe ọkụ eletrik si gbakwasara, anyị na-ekewa ìhè polarized n'ime ụdị polarization atọ:
★ Linear polarization: na oscillation na propagation bụ otu ụgbọ elu.TheOghere eletriki ọkụ nke linearly polarized ìhè cna-eguzosi ike n'ihe abụọ perpendicular, hà nhata na njupụta, linear components na-enweghị akụkụ dị iche.Ebe ọkụ eletrik na-esi na ya pụta bụ nanị n'otu ụgbọ elu n'akụkụ ntụziaka nke mgbasa.
★ okirikiri polarization: nghazi ìhè na-agbanwe n'oge na a helical ejiji. Ebe ọkụ eletrik nke ọkụ ahụ nwere akụkụ abụọ linear nke na-adaba na ibe ya, ha nhata na njupụta, mana nwere ọdịiche nke oge nke π/2. Ihe na-esi na ya pụta ìhè ọkụ eletrik na-atụgharị na gburugburu gburugburu ntụziaka nke mgbasa.
★Elliptical polarization: oghere eletrik nke ìhè elliptically polarized na-akọwa ellipse, atụnyere okirikiri site na polarization okirikiri. Enwere ike iwere ọkụ eletrik a dị ka ngwakọta nke akụkụ abụọ linear nwere njupụta dị iche iche na/ma ọ bụ ọdịiche nke na-abụghị π/2. Nke a bụ nkọwa zuru oke nke ìhè polarized, na okirikiri na linear ìhè nwere ike ile anya dị ka ihe pụrụ iche nke ìhè elliptically polarized.
A na-akpọkarị steeti ọnụọgụ abụọ nke Linear dị ka "S" na "P",haA na-akọwapụta ya site na ntughari uche ha na ụgbọ elu nke ihe omume.P-polarized ọkụnke na-agbagharị n'akụkụ ụgbọ elu a bụ "P", ebe ọkụ s-polarized nke nwere oghere eletrik na-adaba n'akụkụ ụgbọ elu a bụ "S".Polarizersbụ isi ihe anya anya maka ịchịkwa polarization gị, na-ebufe ọnọdụ polarization chọrọ mgbe ị na-atụgharị uche, na-amịkọrọ ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị ihe ndị ọzọ. Enwere ụdị polarizer dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere uru na ọghọm ya. Iji nyere gị aka ịhọrọ polarizer kacha mma maka ngwa gị, anyị ga-atụle nkọwapụta polarizer yana ntuziaka nhọrọ polarizers.
P na S. A na-akọwapụta ya site na ntughari uche ha na ụgbọ elu nke ihe omume
Nkọwapụta Polarizer
A na-akọwa polarizers site na paramita igodo ole na ole, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ kpọmkwem maka optics polarization. Ihe ndị kachasị mkpa bụ:
⊙Nbufe: Uru a ma ọ bụ na-ezo aka na nnyefe nke ìhè polarized linearly na ntụziaka nke axis polarization, ma ọ bụ na nnyefe nke ìhè na-enweghị atụ site na polarizer. Nfefe dị n'otu bụ nnyefe ọkụ na-enweghị ike site na polarizers abụọ nwere axes polarization ha kwadoro n'otu aka ahụ, ebe nnyefe gafere bụ nnyefe nke ìhè na-enweghị atụ site na polarizer abụọ na-agafe axes polarization ha. N'ihi na ezigbo polarizers nnyefe nke linearly polarized ìhè yiri axis polarization bụ 100%, yiri nnyefe bụ 50% na gafere nnyefe bụ 0%. Enwere ike iwere ọkụ na-enweghị polarized dị ka ngwa ngwa na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa nke p- na s-polarized ìhè. Ezigbo polarizer ziri ezi ga-ebufe otu n'ime polarization abụọ ahịrị ahịrị, na-ebelata ike mbụ na-enweghị polarized I.0na ọkara, ya bụ,I=I0/2,Ya mere nnyefe yiri ya (maka ọkụ na-enweghị ike) bụ 50%. Maka ọkụ kwụ ọtọ nwere ike I0, ike na-ebufe site na ezigbo polarizer, I, nwere ike ịkọwa site n'iwu Malus, ya bụ,I=I0cos2Øebe θ bụ akụkụ dị n'etiti polarization linear merenụ na axis polarization. Anyị na-ahụ na maka axes yiri ya, a na-enweta 100% nnyefe, ebe maka 90 ° axes, nke a makwaara dị ka polarizers gafere, enwere nnyefe 0%, ya mere nnyefe gafere bụ 0%. Agbanyeghị na ngwa ụwa n'ezie, nnyefe enweghị ike ịbụ kpọmkwem 0%, yabụ, a na-eji polarizers mara oke mbibi dị ka akọwara n'okpuru, nke enwere ike iji chọpụta nnyefe n'ezie site na polarizers abụọ gafere.
⊙Oke mkpochapụ na ogo nke polarization: A na-akọwapụta njirimara polarizing nke eriri eriri site na ogo nke polarization ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ polarization, ya bụ, P=(T).1-T2)/(T1+T2) na oke mbibi ya, ya bụ, ρp=T2/T1ebe isi mbufe ọkụ nke linearly polarized ìhè site na polarizer bụ T1 na T2. T1 bụ nnyefe kachasị site na polarizer ma na-eme mgbe axis nnyefe nke polarizer na-ejikọta ya na polarization nke ihe ahụ merenụ na-egbuke egbuke; T2 bụ mgbasa ozi kacha nta site na polarizer na-eme mgbe axis nnyefe nke polarizer na-adabere na polarization nke ihe ahụ merenụ n'ahịrị polarized.
A na-egosipụtakarị arụmọrụ mkpochapụ nke polarizer linear dị ka 1 / ρp : 1. Nke a oke sitere na ihe na-erughị 100: 1 (nke pụtara na ị nwere 100 ugboro karịa nnyefe maka P polarized ìhè karịa S polarized ìhè) maka ndị na-emepụta ego na-echekwa ego ruo 10.61: 1 maka ezigbo mma birefringent crystalline polarizers. Oke mkpochapụ na-adịgasị iche na ogologo ogologo na akụkụ ihe merenụ, a ga-enyocharịrị ya yana ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ọnụ ahịa, nha na nnyefe polarịịsịt maka ngwa enyere. Na mgbakwunye na oke mbibi, anyị nwere ike tụọ arụmọrụ nke polarizer site na ịkọwapụta arụmọrụ. A na-akpọ ogo nke arụmọrụ polarization "iche", nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe ị na-atụle ngwa ọkụ dị ala ebe mfu ike dị oke egwu.
⊙Nkuku nnabata: Akụkụ nnabata bụ nnukwu ngbanwe site na akụkụ ihe omume nke polarizer ka ga-eme n'ime nkọwapụta. Ọtụtụ polarizers ka emebere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'akụkụ ihe omume nke 0° ma ọ bụ 45°, ma ọ bụ n'akuku Brewster. Nkuku nnabata dị mkpa maka itinye n'ọnọdụ mana ọ nwere ihe dị mkpa mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị atụ. Wire Grid na dichroic polarizers nwere akụkụ nnabata kacha ukwuu, ruo n'akuku nnabata zuru oke nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 90°.
⊙Ihe owuwu: Polarizers na-abịa n'ụdị na atụmatụ. Polarizers ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị bụ ihe nkiri dị mkpa yiri ihe nzacha anya. Efere ndị na-eme ka efere polarizing dị gịrịgịrị, efere dị larịị etinyere n'akụkụ nkuku. Oghere cube nke na-eme ka ihe mejupụtara ya nwere prisms akụkụ aka nri abụọ gbakọrọ ọnụ na hypotenuse.
Ndị polariza Birefringent nwere prisms abụọ kristal jikọtara ọnụ, ebe a na-ekpebi akụkụ nke prisms site n'ụdị polarizer akọwapụtara.
⊙Oghere dị ọcha: oghere doro anya na-abụkarị ihe mgbochi maka ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha dịka nnweta kristal dị ọcha na-amachi nha nke polarizers ndị a. Dichroic polarizers nwere oghere doro anya kachasị dị na ya ka mmepụta ha na-agbazinye onwe ya na nha buru ibu.
⊙Ogologo ụzọ anya: Ogologo ọkụ ga-agaferịrị na polarizer. Ihe dị mkpa maka mgbasasa, ọnụ ụzọ mmebi, na mgbochi oghere, ogologo ụzọ anya nwere ike ịdị mkpa na polarizers birefringent mana ọ na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ na polarizers dichroic.
⊙Ọnụ ụzọ mmebi: A na-ekpebi oke mmebi laser site na ihe eji eme ya yana imepụta polarizer, yana polarizers birefringent na-enwekarị oke mmebi kacha. Simenti na-abụkarị ihe kachasị emetụta mmebi laser, nke mere na a na-akpọtụrụ ndị beamsplitters ma ọ bụ ndị polarizer ikuku nwere oghere nwere oke mmebi dị elu.
Ntuziaka nhọrọ Polarizer
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị polarizers gụnyere dichroic, cube, grid waya, na crystalline. Ọ dịghị onye ụdị polarizer dị mma maka ngwa ọ bụla, onye ọ bụla nwere ike na adịghị ike nke ya.
Dichroic Polarizers na-ebufe otu ọnọdụ polarization ka ọ na-egbochi ndị ọzọ niile. Ihe owuwu a na-ahụkarị bụ otu ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri polymer dichroic, nke nwere efere iko abụọ. Mgbe ihe ọkụkụ sitere n'okike na-ebufe site na ihe dichroic, otu n'ime akụkụ polarization nke orthogonal nke osisi ahụ na-etinye obi ike na nke ọzọ na-apụ apụ na-adịghị ike. Yabụ, enwere ike iji polarizer mpempe akwụkwọ dichroic iji mee ka ahịhịa polarized na-enweghị usoro ka ọ bụrụ doo kwụ n'ahịrị. N'iji ya tụnyere polarizing prisms, dichroic sheet polarizer na-enye nnukwu nha na akụkụ a na-anabata ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ị ga-ahụ njedebe dị elu na ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa, ihe owuwu ahụ na-amachibido iji lasers ike dị elu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ dị elu. Dichroic polarizers dị n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche, sitere na ihe nkiri laminated dị ọnụ ala ruo n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị elu iche polarizers.
Dichroic polarizers na-etinye ọnọdụ polarization na-achọghị
A na-eme polarizing Cube Beamsplitters site na ijikọ hypotenuse mkpuchi nwere mkpuchi prisms abụọ. A na-ewu ihe mkpuchi nke polarizing site na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ihe dị elu na nke dị ala nke na-egosipụta ìhè S polarized ma na-ebufe P. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ abụọ orthogonal beams n'ụdị nke dị mfe ịgbago na nhazi. Ihe mkpuchi nke polarizing nwere ike na-anagide njupụta ike dị elu, agbanyeghị na nrapado eji simenti cubes nwere ike daa. Enwere ike iwepụ ọnọdụ ọdịda a site na ịkpọtụrụ ngwa anya. Ọ bụ ezie na anyị na-ahụkarị nnukwu ọdịiche dị elu maka ebili mmiri na-ebufe, ọdịiche a gosipụtara na-adịkarị ala.
Wire grid polarizers na-egosipụta ọtụtụ wires microscopic na mkpụrụ iko nke na-ebunye ọkụ P-Polarized ma na-egosipụta ìhè S-Polarized. N'ihi ọdịdị arụ ọrụ, waya grid polarizers nwere eriri ogologo ogologo nke na-ejedebe naanị site na nnyefe nke mkpụrụ na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ngwa brọdband na-achọ polarization dị elu.
A na-ebufe polarization perpendicular na waya ọla
Polarizer kristal na-ebufe polarization chọrọ ma mebie nke ọzọ site n'iji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nke kristal ha.
Ndị polarịịza kristal na-eji ihe ndị na-emebi emebi nke mkpụrụ akụ iji gbanwee ọnọdụ polarization nke ìhè na-abata. Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ntụgharị uche dịtụ iche dị iche iche maka ìhè polarized n'ụzọ dị iche iche na-eme ka steeti polarization dị iche iche na-agafe ihe ahụ n'ọsọ ọsọ dị iche iche.
Wollaston polarizers bụ ụdị polarizers kristal nke mejupụtara prisms akụkụ aka nri abụọ birefringent jikọtara ọnụ, nke mere na axe ha anya dị okirikiri. Na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ụzọ mmebi dị elu nke kristal polarizers na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ngwa laser.
Wollaston Polarizer
Paralight Optics 'nnukwu ahịrị nke polarizers gụnyere Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, High Performance Two Channel PBS, High Power Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, 56° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, 45° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, Dichroic Sheet Polarizers, Nanoparticles Taylor Polarizers, Glan Laser Polarizers, Glan Thompson Polarizers, Wollaston Polarizers, Rochon Polarizers), Mgbanwe okirikiri Polarizers, na Polarizing Beam Displacers / Combiners.
Polarizers Line Laser
Maka ozi zuru ezu na polarization optics ma ọ bụ nweta ntinye okwu, biko kpọtụrụ anyị.
