⊙Kusokonezeka
Mu optics, zolakwika za dongosolo la lens zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzi chake chichoke pamalamulo azithunzi za paraxial.
- Kutuluka kozungulira
Pamene kuwala kwa kuwala kumawonekera ndi malo ozungulira, cheza chapakati chomwe chimayang'ana pamtunda wosiyana ndi galasi kusiyana ndi (parallel) cheza.Mu ma telescopes a Newtonian, magalasi a paraboloidal amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amawunikira kuwala konse kofanana kumalo amodzi.Komabe, magalasi a paraboloidal amadwala chikomokere.
- Chromatic aberration
Kusokonezeka uku kumabwera chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imabwera kumadera osiyanasiyana.Magalasi onse ali ndi gawo lina la chromatic aberration.Magalasi a Achromatic amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yosachepera yomwe imabwera pamalo amodzi.Achromatic refractors nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa kuti akhale ndi zobiriwira, ndipo mwina zofiira kapena zabuluu zimafika pofanana, kunyalanyaza violet.Izi zimatsogolera ku kuwala kwa violet kapena buluu kozungulira Vega kapena mwezi, pamene mitundu yobiriwira ndi yofiira ikubwera, koma popeza violet kapena buluu sali, mitunduyo siimawonekeranso ndipo imasokonekera.
- Koma
Izi ndizosiyana, ndiko kuti, zinthu zokha (zolinga zathu, nyenyezi) zomwe sizili pakati pa fano zimakhudzidwa.Kuwala kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa mu optical system kutali ndi pakati pa ngodya kumayang'ana pa malo osiyana ndi omwe amalowa mu optical system pafupi kapena pafupi ndi optical axis.Izi zimapangitsa kuti chithunzi cha comet chipangidwe kutali ndi pakati pa chithunzicho.
- Kupindika kumunda
Munda womwe ukufunsidwa kwenikweni ndi ndege yolunjika, kapena ndege yomwe ili pomwe chida chowunikira.Pakujambula, ndegeyi imakhala yozungulira (yosalala), koma makina ena owonera amapereka ndege zokhotakhota.M'malo mwake, ma telescope ambiri ali ndi gawo lina la kupindika kumunda.Nthawi zina amatchedwa Petzval Field Curvature, monga ndege yomwe imagwera imatchedwa Petzval surface.Nthawi zambiri, kutchedwa kupotoza, kupindika kumakhala kofanana ndi chithunzi chonse, kapena mozungulira mozungulira pafupi ndi optical axis.
- Kusokoneza - mbiya
Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete mwa chithunzi.Sikweya imatha kuwoneka ngati yotupa, kapena ngati mbiya.
- Kusokoneza - pincushiond
Kuchepa kwa kukulitsa kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete mwa chithunzi.Mzerewu umatha kuwoneka wotsina, ngati pincushion.
- Mzukwa
Kwenikweni kuwonetsera kwa chithunzi chakunja kapena kuwala kumunda wowonera.Childs vuto ndi bwino Baffled eyepieces ndi zinthu zowala.
- Impso mtengo
Vuto lodziwika bwino la Televue 12mm Nagler Type 2.Ngati diso lanu silinayang'ane ndendende pa FIELD LENS, komanso perpendicular kwa optical axis, mbali ya chithunzicho ili ndi nyemba zakuda za impso zomwe zimatsekereza gawo lanu.
⊙Achromat
Magalasi okhala ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala a korona ndi galasi lamwala, omwe amawongoleredwa kuti asinthe ma chromatic molingana ndi mafunde awiri osankhidwa.Amatchedwanso ma lens achromatic.
⊙Anti-reflection zokutira
Kachinthu kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamayikidwa pamwamba pa lens kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonekera.
⊙Zam'mlengalenga
Osati ozungulira;chinthu chowala chokhala ndi malo amodzi kapena angapo omwe si ozungulira.Malo ozungulira a mandala atha kusinthidwa pang'ono kuti achepetse kufalikira kozungulira.
⊙Astigmatism
Kuwonongeka kwa ma lens komwe kumapangitsa kuti ma tangential ndi ma sagittal ajambulidwe axially.Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa kupindika kwamunda komwe gawo lowonera limapindika mosiyana ndi kuwala kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa mudongosolo mosiyanasiyana.Pankhani ya ma telescope Optics, ASTIGMATISM imachokera pagalasi kapena lens yokhala ndi FOCAL LENGTH yosiyana pang'ono ikayesedwa mbali imodzi kudutsa ndege ya chithunzi, kusiyana ndi momwe imayesedwera ku mbali imeneyo.
⊙Kubwerera kumbuyo
Mtunda wochokera kumalo otsiriza a lens kupita ku ndege ya fano lake.
⊙Beamsplitter
Chipangizo chounikira chogawa mtengo kukhala mizati iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
⊙Kupaka kwa Broadband
Zovala zomwe zimagwirizana ndi bandwidth yowoneka bwino.
⊙Pakati
Kuchuluka kwa kupatuka kwa ma optical axis a lens kuchokera ku mawotchi ake.
⊙galasi lozizira
Zosefera zomwe zimatumiza kutalika kwa mafunde kudera la infrared spectral (> 700 nm) ndikuwonetsa mafunde owoneka.
⊙Dielectric zokutira
Zovala zokhala ndi zigawo zosinthana zamakanema okhala ndi index yayikulu ya refractive ndi index yotsika ya refractive.
⊙Diffraction limited
Katundu wa optical system pomwe zotsatira za diffraction zimatsimikizira mtundu wa chithunzi chomwe chimapanga.
⊙Yogwira mtima
Mtunda wochokera pamalo oyambira mpaka poyambira.
⊙F nambala
Chiyerekezo cha utali wofanana wa lens ndi kukula kwa wophunzira wake wolowera.
⊙Mtengo wa FWHM
M'lifupi mwake ndi theka lapamwamba.
⊙Infrared IR
Wavelength pamwamba pa 760 nm, wosawoneka ndi maso.
⊙Laser
Kuwala kwamphamvu komwe kumakhala monochromatic, coherent, and collimated kwambiri.
⊙Laser diode
Diode yotulutsa kuwala yopangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu yokoka kuti ipange kuwala kogwirizana.
⊙Kukulitsa
Chiyerekezo cha kukula kwa chithunzi cha chinthu ndi cha chinthu.
⊙Multilayer zokutira
Chophimba chopangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri zokhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri komanso yotsika.
⊙Sefa yosalowerera ndale
Zosefera zosalowerera ndale zimachedwetsa, kugawanitsa, kapena kuphatikiza matanda mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma radiation popanda kudalira kwambiri kutalika kwa mafunde.
⊙Nambala kabowo
Sine ya ngodya yopangidwa ndi kuwala kwa m'mphepete mwa lens ndi axis optical.
⊙Cholinga
Chinthu chowala chomwe chimalandira kuwala kuchokera ku chinthucho ndikupanga chithunzi choyamba kapena choyambirira mu telescopes ndi maikulosikopu.
⊙Optical axis
Mzere wodutsa pakati pa ma curvatures a kuwala kwa lens.
⊙Optical flat
Chidutswa chagalasi, pyrex, kapena quartz chokhala ndi malo amodzi kapena zonse ziwiri mosamala ndi pulani yopukutidwa, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalala mpaka kuchepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a utali wake.
⊙Paraxial
Maonekedwe a kuwunika kwa kuwala komwe kumangodutsa pang'ono pang'ono.
⊙Parfocal
Kukhala ndi mfundo zotsatizana.
⊙Pinhole
Bowo laling'ono lakuthwa lakuthwa, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pobowola kapena diso.
⊙Polarization
Chiwonetsero cha kulunjika kwa mizere yamagetsi amagetsi mugawo la electromagnetic.
⊙Kusinkhasinkha
Kubwerera kwa ma radiation ndi pamwamba, popanda kusintha kwa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe.
⊙Refraction
Kupindika kwa cheza cha oblique pamene akudutsa kuchokera ku sing'anga.
⊙Refractive index
Chiyerekezo cha liwiro la kuwala mu vacuum ndi liwiro la kuwala mu zinthu refractive kwa wavelength woperekedwa.
⊙Sagi
Kutalika kwa mphinjika kuyeza kuchokera pa chord.
⊙Fyuluta yapakatikati
Kutalika kwa mphinjika kuyeza kuchokera pa chord.
⊙Striae
Kupanda ungwiro kwa galasi lowoneka bwino lokhala ndi mizere yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi cholozera chosiyana pang'ono ndi thupi lagalasi.
⊙Telecentric lens
Magalasi omwe poyimitsa kabowo amakhala kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kwakukulu kukhale kofanana ndi opilopiya mu malo azithunzi;ie, wophunzira wotuluka ali wopandamalire.
⊙Telephoto
Ma lens apawiri opangidwa kotero kuti kutalika kwake konse kumakhala kofanana kapena kuchepera kuposa kutalika kwake kokhazikika.
⊙TIR
Kuwala komwe kumachitika mkati mwamalire a mpweya/magalasi pamakona akulu kuposa kofunikirako kumawonekera bwino kwambiri 100% mosasamala kanthu za momwe adayambira.
⊙Kutumiza
Mu optics, kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu yowunikira kudzera mu sing'anga.
⊙ UV
Chigawo chosawoneka cha sipekitiramu pansipa 380 nm.
⊙V Koti
Anti-reflection ya kutalika kwake komwe kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe pafupifupi 0, otchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a V a curve ya scan.
⊙Vignetting
Kuchepa kwa kuwunika kotalikirana ndi optical axis mu dongosolo la kuwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula kwa kuwala kwakutali ndi ma apertures mu dongosolo.
⊙Wavefront deformation
Kuchoka kwa ma wavefront kuchokera kumalo abwino chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapangidwe kapena mawonekedwe apamwamba.
⊙Waveplate
Ma Waveplates, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma mbale a retardation, ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri, imodzi yothamanga komanso ina yodekha.Ma Waveplates amatulutsa kuchedwa kwa mafunde athunthu, theka ndi kotala.
⊙Wedge
Chinthu chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi malo ozungulira ndege.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-10-2023