Mawonekedwe a Optical amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kupanga gawo kapena makina kuti awonetse momwe amakwaniritsira zofunikira zina.Zili zothandiza pazifukwa ziwiri: choyamba, amatchula malire ovomerezeka a magawo ofunikira omwe amayendetsa machitidwe a dongosolo;chachiwiri, amatchula kuchuluka kwa zinthu (ie nthawi ndi mtengo) zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.Dongosolo la kuwala limatha kuvutitsidwa mwina chifukwa chongofotokozera mochulukira kapena kuchulukirachulukira, zonse zomwe zimatha kuwononga ndalama zosafunikira.Paralight Optics imapereka ma Optics otsika mtengo kuti akwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
Kuti mumvetse bwino za mawonekedwe a kuwala, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zomwe akutanthauza.Chotsatirachi ndichidule chachidule cha zodziwika bwino za pafupifupi zinthu zonse za kuwala.
Zolemba Zopanga
Kulekerera kwa Diameter
Kulekerera kwapakati kwa gawo lozungulira la optical kumapereka mitundu yovomerezeka yamitundu yambiri.Kulekerera kwa m'mimba mwake sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse pakuchita kwa kuwala kwa optic palokha, komabe ndikofunikira kwambiri kulolerana kwamakina kumaganiziridwa ngati chiwonetserochi chidzayikidwa mumtundu uliwonse wa chogwirira.Mwachitsanzo, ngati kukula kwa mandala akutuluka pamtengo wake wamwambo, ndizotheka kuti mawotchi amatha kuchotsedwa pa axis ya kuwala pagulu lokwera, motero kupangitsa decenter.
Chithunzi 1: Kutsika kwa Kuwala kwa Collimated
Kupanga uku kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi luso ndi luso la wopanga.Paralight Optics imatha kupanga magalasi kuchokera m'mimba mwake 0.5mm mpaka 500mm, kulolerana kumatha kufika malire a +/-0.001mm.
| Gulu 1: Kupanga Kulekerera kwa Diameter | |
| Kulekerera kwa Diameter | Kalasi Yabwino |
| + 0.00/-0.10 mm | Chitsanzo |
| + 0.00/-0.050 mm | Kulondola |
| +0,000/-0.010 | Kulondola Kwambiri |
Pakati Makulidwe Kulekerera
Makulidwe apakati a gawo la kuwala, makamaka magalasi, ndi makulidwe azinthu zomwe zimayesedwa pakatikati.Makulidwe apakati amayezedwa kudutsa mawotchi a lens, omwe amatanthauzidwa ngati axis ndendende pakati pa mbali zake zakunja.Kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe apakati a lens kumatha kukhudza mawonekedwe a kuwala chifukwa makulidwe apakati, limodzi ndi utali wopindika, zimatsimikizira kutalika kwa njira ya kuwala yomwe imadutsa mu disololo.
Chithunzi 2: Zithunzi za CT, ET & FL
| Table 2: Kupanga Kulekerera kwa Makulidwe a Pakati | |
| Pakati Makulidwe Tolerances | Kalasi Yabwino |
| +/-0.10 mm | Chitsanzo |
| +/-0.050 mm | Kulondola |
| +/-0.010 mm | Kulondola Kwambiri |
Makulidwe a Makulidwe a Mavesi Pakati Makulidwe
Kuchokera pazitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi zazithunzi zosonyeza makulidwe apakati, mwina mwawona kuti makulidwe a lens amasiyana kuchokera m'mphepete mpaka pakati pa chowonera.Mwachiwonekere, iyi ndi ntchito ya utali wopindika wa kupindika ndi sag.Magalasi a plano-convex, biconvex ndi positive meniscus ali ndi makulidwe akulu pakati pawo kuposa m'mphepete.Kwa magalasi a plano-concave, biconcave ndi negative meniscus, makulidwe apakati nthawi zonse amakhala owonda kuposa makulidwe a m'mphepete.Okonza Optical nthawi zambiri amafotokozera m'mphepete ndi makulidwe apakati pazojambula zawo, kulekerera chimodzi mwamiyeso iyi, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinacho ngati gawo lolozera.Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti popanda chimodzi mwa miyeso iyi, ndizosatheka kuzindikira mawonekedwe omaliza a lens.
Chithunzi 3: Zithunzi za CE, ET, BEF ndi EFL
Kusiyanasiyana kwa Wedge / Edge Makulidwe (ETD)
Wedge, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa ETD kapena ETV (Edge Thickness Variation), ndi lingaliro losavuta kumvetsetsa potengera kapangidwe ka mandala ndi kupanga.M'malo mwake, izi zimawongolera momwe mbali ziwiri zowonera za lens zimayenderana.Kusiyanitsa kulikonse kuchokera ku kufanana kungapangitse kuwala kodutsa kuchoka panjira yake, popeza cholinga chake ndikuyang'ana kapena kupatutsa kuwala molamulidwa, wedge imayambitsa kupatuka kosafunika panjira yowunikira.Wedge ikhoza kufotokozedwa motsatira kupotoza kwa angular (cholakwika chapakati) pakati pa malo awiri opatsirana kapena kulolerana kwakuthupi pa kusiyana kwa makulidwe a m'mphepete, izi zikuyimira kusamvetsetsana pakati pa mawotchi opangidwa ndi kuwala kwa lens.
Chithunzi 4: Cholakwika cha Centering
Sagitta (Sag)
Radius of curvature imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi Sagitta, yomwe imatchedwa Sag mumakampani opanga kuwala.M'mawu a geometric, Sagitta imayimira mtunda kuchokera pakati pa arc mpaka pakati pa maziko ake.Mu optics, Sag imagwira ntchito ku kupindika kopingasa kapena kopindika ndipo imayimira mtunda wapakati pakati pa vertex (malo okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri) popindika ndi nsonga yapakati ya mzere wokokedwa mokhotakhota kuchokera kumphepete kumodzi kwa optic mpaka zina.Chithunzi pansipa chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha Sag.
Chithunzi 5: Zithunzi za Sag
Sag ndiyofunikira chifukwa imapereka malo apakati a utali wopindika, motero amalola opanga kuyika bwino ma radius pa optic, komanso, kukhazikitsa pakati ndi m'mphepete makulidwe a kuwala.Podziwa kutalika kwa kupindika, komanso kukula kwa mawonekedwe a optic, Sag imatha kuwerengedwa motsatira njira zotsatirazi.
Kumene:
R = utali wozungulira wopindika
d = awiri
Radius of Curvature
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mandala ndi utali wopindika, ndi gawo lofunikira komanso logwira ntchito la malo ozungulira owoneka bwino, omwe amafunikira kuwongolera kwabwino pakupanga.Utali wopindika umatanthauzidwa ngati mtunda wapakati pa chigawo cha optical vertex ndi pakati pa kupindika.Zitha kukhala zabwino, ziro, kapena zoyipa kutengera ngati pamwamba ndi convex, plano, kapena concave, mwaulemu.
Kudziwa kufunika kwa utali wozungulira wa kupindika ndi makulidwe apakati amalola munthu kudziwa njira kuwala kutalika kwa cheza kudutsa disolo kapena galasi, komanso kumagwira ntchito yaikulu kudziwa mphamvu kuwala pamwamba, umene ndi mmene mwamphamvu kuwala. dongosolo limasinthasintha kapena kusiyanitsa kuwala.Ojambula owoneka amasiyanitsa pakati pa utali wautali ndi waufupi wolunjika pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa magalasi awo.Utali wotalikirapo waufupi, womwe umapindika kuwala mwachangu kwambiri motero amakwaniritsa kuyang'ana patali pang'ono kuchokera pakatikati pa disololo akuti ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya kuwala, pomwe omwe amawunikira kuwala pang'onopang'ono amafotokozedwa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zocheperako.Utali wopindika wopindika umatanthawuza utali wokhazikika wa mandala, njira yosavuta yowerengera kutalika kwa magalasi oonda imaperekedwa ndi Thin Lens Approximation of the Lens-Maker's Formula.Chonde dziwani, fomula iyi ndiyovomerezeka pamagalasi omwe makulidwe awo ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi kutalika kowerengeredwa.
Kumene:
f = kutalika kwapakati
n = refractive index of lens material
r1 = utali wopindika wa malo oyandikana kwambiri ndi kuwala kochitika
r2 = utali wopindika wakumtunda kutali kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa chochitika
Kuti athe kuwongolera kusiyanasiyana kulikonse muutali wokhazikika, akatswiri amaso amayenera kutanthauzira kulekerera kwa radius.Njira yoyamba ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kulolerana kosavuta kwa makina, mwachitsanzo, utali wozungulira ungatanthauze 100 +/- 0.1mm.Zikatero, radius imatha kusiyana pakati pa 99.9mm ndi 100.1mm.Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kulekerera kwa radius malinga ndi kuchuluka.Pogwiritsa ntchito utali wofanana wa 100mm, dokotala wamaso anganene kuti kupindika sikungasinthe kuposa 0.5%, kutanthauza kuti radius iyenera kugwa pakati pa 99.5mm ndi 100.5mm.Njira yachitatu ndiyo kutanthauzira kulolerana pautali wokhazikika, nthawi zambiri potengera kuchuluka.Mwachitsanzo, mandala okhala ndi kutalika kwa 500mm amatha kukhala ndi +/-1% kulolerana komwe kumatanthawuza 495mm mpaka 505mm.Kulumikiza mautali otalikirawa mu lens yopyapyala equation imalola opanga kupanga kulolerana kwamakina pamapindidwe a kupindika.
Chithunzi 6: Radius Tolerance pa Center of Curvature
| Gulu 3: Kupanga Kulekerera kwa Radius of Curvature | |
| Radius of Curvature Tolerances | Kalasi Yabwino |
| +/- 0.5mm | Chitsanzo |
| +/-0.1% | Kulondola |
| +/- 0.01% | Kulondola Kwambiri |
M'malo mwake, opanga opanga kuwala amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamitundu ingapo kuti akwaniritse utali wopindika pamagalasi.Yoyamba ndi mphete ya spherometer yomwe imamangiriridwa ku geji yoyezera.Poyerekeza kusiyana kwa kupindika pakati pa "ring" yodziwikiratu ndi radius ya optics ya kupindika, opanga amatha kudziwa ngati kuwongolera kwina kuli kofunika kuti akwaniritse utali woyenerera.Palinso ma spherometer angapo a digito pamsika kuti awonjezere kulondola.Njira ina yolondola kwambiri ndi profilometer yodzichitira yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito probe kuyeza mawonekedwe a mandala.Pomaliza, njira yosalumikizana ndi interferometry ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe amphepete omwe amatha kuwerengera mtunda wapakati pakati pa malo ozungulira mpaka pakati pa kupindika kwake.
Pakati
Centration imadziwikanso ndi centering kapena decenter.Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, centration imayang'anira kulondola kwa malo a radius ya kupindika.Utali wokhazikika bwino ukhoza kugwirizanitsa vertex (pakati) ya kupindika kwake kumtunda wakunja wa gawo lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, mandala a plano-convex okhala ndi mainchesi 20 mm atha kukhala ndi utali wozungulira bwino ngati vertex idayikidwa molunjika ndendende 10mm kuchokera pamalo aliwonse mozungulira kunja kwake.Chifukwa chake zimatsatira kuti opanga kuwala ayenera kuganizira zonse za X ndi Y axis poyang'anira malo monga momwe zilili pansipa.
Chithunzi 7: Chithunzi cha Decentering
Kuchuluka kwa decenter mu lens ndikusuntha kwa mawotchi kuchokera ku optical axis.Mzere wamakina wa mandala amangokhala mawonekedwe a geometric a lens ndipo amatanthauzidwa ndi silinda yake yakunja.Mzere wa kuwala kwa lens umatanthauzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala ndipo ndi mzere womwe umagwirizanitsa pakati pa kupindika kwa malo.
Chithunzi 8: Chithunzi cha Decentering
| Table 4: Kupanga kulolerana kwa Centration | |
| Pakati | Kalasi Yabwino |
| +/-5 Arcminutes | Chitsanzo |
| +/-3 Arcminutes | Kulondola |
| +/-30 Arcseconds | Kulondola Kwambiri |
Kufanana
Kufanana kumatanthawuza momwe malo awiri amayenderana wina ndi mnzake.Ndizothandiza pofotokoza zinthu monga mazenera ndi polarizers komwe malo ofananira ndi abwino kuti agwire ntchito chifukwa amachepetsa kupotoza komwe kungawononge chithunzi kapena kuwala.Kulekerera kofananira kumayambira 5 arcminutes mpaka ma arcseconds angapo motere:
| Gulu 5: Kupanga kulolerana kwa Parallelism | |
| Parallelism Tolerances | Kalasi Yabwino |
| +/-5 Arcminutes | Chitsanzo |
| +/-3 Arcminutes | Kulondola |
| +/-30 Arcseconds | Kulondola Kwambiri |
Kulekerera kwa Angle
Pazigawo monga ma prisms ndi ma beamsplitters, ma angles pakati pa malo ndi ofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa optic.Kulekerera kwa ngodya kumeneku kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la autocollimator, lomwe makina ake opangira kuwala amatulutsa kuwala.The autocollimator imazunguliridwa pamwamba pa kuwala mpaka mawonekedwe a Fresnel kubwerera m'mbuyo mwake amapanga malo pamwamba pomwe akuwunikiridwa.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mtengo wopindika ukugunda pamwamba pazomwe zikuchitika.Msonkhano wonse wa autocollimator umasinthidwa kuzungulira kuwala kupita kumalo owoneka bwino ndipo njira yomweyo imabwerezedwa.Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa autocollimator kuyeza kulolerana kwa ngodya.Kusiyana kwa ngodya pakati pa malo awiri omwe amayezedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kulolerana pakati pa mawonekedwe awiri a kuwala.Kulekerera kwa ngodya kumatha kugwiridwa ndi kulolerana kwa ma arcminutes ochepa mpaka ma arcseconds ochepa.
Chithunzi 9: Kukonzekera kwa Autocollimator Kuyeza Kulekerera kwa Angle
Bevel
Ngodya za substrate zimatha kukhala zofooka kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwateteza mukamagwira kapena kuyika gawo la kuwala.Njira yodziwika kwambiri yotetezera ngodyazi ndikubeta m'mphepete.Ma bevels amagwira ntchito ngati ma chamfer oteteza komanso amateteza tchipisi ta m'mphepete.Chonde onani tebulo lotsatirali 5 la ma bevel amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
| Tebulo 6: Malire Opanga Pamawonekedwe Opambana a Nkhope ya Bevel | |
| Diameter | Kukula Kwankhope Kwambiri kwa Bevel |
| 3.00 - 5.00mm | 0.25 mm |
| 25.41mm - 50.00mm | 0.3 mm |
| 50.01mm - 75.00mm | 0.4 mm |
Khomo Loyera
Kabowo kakang'ono kamene kamayang'anira gawo la lens lomwe likuyenera kutsatira zomwe tafotokozazi.Imatanthauzidwa ngati m'mimba mwake kapena kukula kwa chinthu chowoneka mwamakina kapena kuchuluka kwake komwe kumayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, kunja kwake, opanga samatsimikizira kuti mawonekedwewo atsatira zomwe zanenedwazo.Mwachitsanzo, mandala amatha kukhala ndi mainchesi a 100mm ndi kabowo kowoneka bwino kamene kamanenedwa kukhala 95mm kapena 95%.Njira iliyonse ndiyovomerezeka koma ndikofunika kukumbukira monga lamulo lachizoloŵezi, pamene kupenya kwakukulu kumawonekera, kuwala kwa kuwala kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa kumakankhira machitidwe ofunikira kuyandikira pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa thupi la optic.
Chifukwa cha zovuta kupanga, nkosatheka kupanga pobowo yomveka bwino yofanana ndendende ndi m'mimba mwake, kapena kutalika ndi m'lifupi, kwa chowonera.
Chithunzi 10: Zithunzi Zomwe Zikuwonetsa Pobowo ndi M'mimba mwake mwa lens
| Tebulo 7: Kulekerera kwa Pobowo koyera | |
| Diameter | Khomo Loyera |
| 3.00mm - 10.00mm | 90% ya Diameter |
| 10.01mm - 50.00mm | Kutalika - 1 mm |
| ≥ 50.01mm | Kutalika - 1.5 mm |
Kuti mumve zambiri zakuya, chonde onani ma catalog optics athu kapena zinthu zomwe zawonetsedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-20-2023