1) Chiyambi cha Infrared Optics
Mawonekedwe a infrared amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa, kuyang'ana kapena kugwirizanitsa kuwala pakati pa 760 ndi 14,000 nm. Gawo ili la ma radiation a IR limagawidwanso m'magulu anayi osiyanasiyana:
| Pafupi ndi infrared range (NIR) | 700-900 nm |
| Mtundu wa Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) | 900-2300 nm |
| Mid-Wave Infrared range (MWIR) | 3000-5000 nm |
| Long-Wave Infrared range (LWIR) | 8000 - 14000 nm |
2) Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR)
Mapulogalamu a SWIR amaphimba kuyambira 900 mpaka 2300 nm. Mosiyana ndi kuwala kwa MWIR ndi LWIR komwe kumachokera ku chinthucho chokha, SWIR imafanana ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino m'lingaliro lakuti ma photons amawonetsedwa kapena kutengeka ndi chinthu, motero amapereka kusiyana kofunikira kwa kujambula kwapamwamba. Magwero achilengedwe monga kuwala koyambira kozungulira komanso kuwala kwakumbuyo (aka nightglow) ndi zotulutsa za SWIR ndipo zimapereka zowunikira zabwino kwambiri pazithunzi zakunja usiku.
Mapulogalamu angapo omwe ali ovuta kapena osatheka kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowoneka ndi kotheka pogwiritsa ntchito SWIR. Mukajambula mu SWIR, nthunzi yamadzi, utsi wamoto, chifunga, ndi zinthu zina monga silicon zimawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yomwe imawoneka yofanana muzowoneka imatha kusiyanitsa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito SWIR.
Kujambula kwa SWIR kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zingapo monga ma board a pakompyuta ndi kuyang'anira ma cell a solar, kuyesa kupanga, kuzindikira ndi kusanja, kuyang'anira, kudana ndi chinyengo, kuwongolera khalidwe lazinthu ndi zina zambiri.
3) Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR)
Machitidwe a MWIR amagwira ntchito mu 3 mpaka 5 micron range. Posankha pakati pa machitidwe a MWIR ndi LWIR, munthu ayenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo. Choyamba, zigawo za mumlengalenga monga chinyezi ndi chifunga ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Machitidwe a MWIR sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi kusiyana ndi machitidwe a LWIR, kotero iwo ndi apamwamba pa ntchito monga kuyang'anira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka ngalawa kapena chitetezo cha doko.
MWIR imakhala ndi kufalikira kwamlengalenga kuposa LWIR m'malo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, MWIR nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino pamawunidwe otalikirapo opitilira 10 km kuchokera pa chinthucho.
Komanso, MWIR ndi njira yabwinoko ngati mukufuna kudziwa zinthu zotentha kwambiri monga magalimoto, ndege kapena zoponya. Pachithunzi chomwe chili m'munsimu munthu atha kuwona kuti mitsinje yotentha yotentha imawonekera kwambiri mu MWIR kuposa mu LWIR.
4) Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR)
Machitidwe a LWIR amagwira ntchito mu 8 mpaka 14 micron range. Amasankhidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zapafupi ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Makamera a LWIR sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa choncho ndi abwino kuti azigwira ntchito panja. Ndi makina osakhazikika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma microbolometer a Focal Plane Array, ngakhale makamera oziziritsidwa a LWIR aliponso ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira za Mercury Cadmium Tellurium (MCT). Mosiyana ndi izi, makamera ambiri a MWIR amafunikira kuziziritsa, kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kapena chozizira chozungulira cha Stirling.
Makina a LWIR amapeza ntchito zambiri monga kuyang'anira nyumba ndi zomangamanga, kuzindikira zolakwika, kuzindikira gasi ndi zina zambiri. Makamera a LWIR atenga gawo lofunikira panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 chifukwa amalola kuyeza kutentha kwa thupi mwachangu komanso molondola.
5) IR Substrates Selection Guide
Zipangizo za IR zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amawalola kuti azigwira ntchito bwino pamawonekedwe a infrared. IR Fused Silica, Germanium, Silicon, Sapphire, ndi Zinc Sulfide/Selenide, iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito infrared.
Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)
Zinc selenide ndi chinthu chachikasu chopepuka, cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi zinc ndi selenium. Amapangidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka zinc nthunzi ndi mpweya wa H2 Se, kupanga ngati mapepala pagawo la graphite. Imadziwika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake komanso komwe kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma lasers a CO2.
| Mulingo Wabwino Wotumizira | Mapulogalamu abwino |
| 0.6-16μm | CO2 lasers ndi thermometry ndi spectroscopy, magalasi, mawindo, ndi machitidwe a FLIR |
Germany (Ge)
Germanium ili ndi mawonekedwe otuwa a utsi wakuda wokhala ndi index yowoneka bwino ya 4.024 yokhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika. Ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndi Knoop Hardness (kg/mm2): 780.00 kulola kuti izichita bwino pamawonekedwe am'munda m'malo ovuta.
| Mulingo Wabwino Wotumizira | Mapulogalamu abwino |
| 2 - 16 μm | LWIR - Kujambula kwa MWIR Thermal (pamene AR idakutidwa), mawonekedwe owoneka bwino |
Silikoni (S)
Silicon ili ndi mawonekedwe a buluu-imvi yokhala ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa magalasi a laser ndi zowotcha za silicon pamakampani opangira semiconductor. Ili ndi refractive index ya 3.42. Zigawo za silicon zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi chifukwa mafunde ake amagetsi amatha kudutsa ma conductor a silicon mwachangu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma conductor ena, ndiwocheperako kuposa Ge kapena ZnSe. Kupaka kwa AR kumalimbikitsidwa pazinthu zambiri.
| Mulingo Wabwino Wotumizira | Mapulogalamu abwino |
| 1.2 - 8μm | MWIR, kujambula kwa NIR, mawonekedwe a IR, makina ozindikira a MWIR |
Zinc Sulfidi (ZnS)
Zinc Sulfide ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha masensa a infrared omwe amatumiza bwino mu IR ndi mawonekedwe owoneka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa zida zina za IR.
| Mulingo Wabwino Wotumizira | Mapulogalamu abwino |
| 0.6-18μm | LWIR - MWIR, zowoneka ndi mafunde apakati kapena atali-wave infrared sensors |
Kusankha kwanu kagawo kakang'ono ndi anti-reflection kutengera kutalika kwa kutalika komwe kumafunikira kufalikira koyambirira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukutumiza kuwala kwa IR mumtundu wa MWIR, germanium ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino. Kwa mapulogalamu a NIR, safiro ikhoza kukhala yabwino.
Zina zomwe mungafune kuziganizira posankha ma infrared optics ndi monga matenthedwe ndi index of refraction. Matenthedwe a gawo lapansi amawerengera momwe amachitira ndi kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, ma infrared optical element amawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Ntchito zina za IR zimapanganso kutentha kwakukulu. Kuti muwone ngati gawo lapansi la IR ndiloyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yanu mudzafuna kuyang'ana index gradient ndi coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Ngati gawo lapansi lopatsidwa lili ndi chilozera chokwera kwambiri, litha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osakwanira bwino likagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kwanyengo. Ngati ili ndi CTE yapamwamba, ikhoza kukulitsa kapena kugwirizanitsa pamtengo wapamwamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu infrared optics zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana mu index of refraction. Mwachitsanzo, Germanyium ili ndi index of refraction of 4.0003, poyerekeza ndi 1.413 ya MgF. Kupezeka kwa magawo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya refraction kumapereka kusinthasintha kowonjezera pamapangidwe adongosolo. Kubalalitsidwa kwa zinthu za IR kumayesa kusintha kwa index of wavelength kutengera kutalika kwa mafunde komanso kusintha kwa chromatic, kapena kupatukana kwa kutalika kwa mafunde. Kubalalika kumachulukitsidwa, mosiyana, ndi nambala ya Abbe, yomwe imatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha refractive index pa d wavelength kuchotsera 1, kusiyana pakati pa index of refraction pa f ndi c mizere. Ngati gawo lapansi lili ndi chiwerengero cha Abbe choposa 55, sichimabalalika ndipo timachitcha kuti korona. Magawo ambiri obalalika okhala ndi ma Abbe otsika kuposa 55 amatchedwa zida zamwala.
Mapulogalamu a Infrared Optics
Ma infrared Optics ali ndi ntchito m'magawo ambiri, kuyambira ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri a CO2, omwe amagwira ntchito pa 10.6 μm, mpaka makamera oyerekeza ausiku (MWIR ndi LWIR band) ndi kujambula kwa IR. Ndiwofunikanso mu spectroscopy, chifukwa masinthidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mipweya yambiri ali m'chigawo chapakati cha infrared. Timapanga ma laser line Optics komanso zida za infrared zomwe zimagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso wambiri, ndipo gulu lathu lodziwa zambiri litha kupereka chithandizo chathunthu ndikufunsira.
Paralight Optics ikugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopangira zinthu monga Single Point Diamond Turning ndi CNC polishing kuti apange magalasi owoneka bwino kwambiri ochokera ku Silicon, Germanium ndi Zinc Sulfide omwe amapeza ntchito mu makamera a MWIR ndi LWIR. Timatha kukwaniritsa zolondola zosakwana 0.5 fringes PV ndi roughness mu osiyanasiyana zosakwana 10 nm.
Kuti mumve zambiri zatsatanetsatane, chonde onani zathucatalog opticskapena omasuka kulankhula nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2023
