Mwachidule
Polarization optics amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mkhalidwe wa polarization wa zochitika ma radiation. Ma polarization optics athu amaphatikiza ma polarizer, ma wave plate / retarders, depolarizers, faraday rotator, ndi zodzipatula zowoneka bwino pa UV, zowoneka, kapena ma IR spectral ranges.
1064 nm Faraday Rotator
Free-Space Isolator
High Power Nd-YAG Polarizer
Mawonekedwe a kuwala nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kutalika kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu ya kuwala, kwinaku akunyalanyaza polarization yake. Polarization, komabe, ndi chinthu chofunikira cha kuwala ngati mafunde. Kuwala ndi mafunde a electromagnetic, ndipo gawo lamagetsi la mafundewa limayenda mozungulira molunjika kumayendedwe akufalikira. Polarization state imafotokoza momwe mafunde amayendera potengera kufalikira kwa mafunde. Kuwala kumatchedwa unpolarized ngati njira ya magetsiyi imasintha mosintha nthawi. Ngati mayendedwe a kuwala kwa magetsi akufotokozedwa bwino, amatchedwa kuwala kwa polarized. Gwero lodziwika bwino la kuwala kwa polarized ndi laser. Kutengera momwe gawo lamagetsi limayendera, timagawa kuwala kwa polarized m'mitundu itatu ya polarizations:
★Linear polarization: kuzungulira ndi kufalikira kuli mu ndege imodzi.Themagetsi akuunikira mozungulira polarized camatsagana ndi awiri perpendicular, ofanana mu matalikidwe, liniya zigawo zomwe zilibe kusiyana kwa gawo.Kuwala kwamagetsi komwe kumayendera kumangokhala pa ndege imodzi motsatira njira yofalitsa.
★Circular polarization: mawonekedwe a kuwala amasintha pakapita nthawi mozungulira. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya kuwala imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zozungulira zomwe zimakhala zofanana, zofanana ndi matalikidwe, koma zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la π/2. Chotsatira cha magetsi cha kuwala chimazungulira mozungulira mozungulira njira yofalitsa.
★Elliptical polarization: gawo lamagetsi la kuwala kwa elliptically polarized limafotokoza ellipse, poyerekeza ndi bwalo lozungulira polarization. Malo amagetsiwa amatha kuonedwa ngati kuphatikiza zigawo ziwiri zokhala ndi matalikidwe osiyanasiyana komanso/kapena kusiyana kwa gawo komwe sikuli π/2. Uku ndiko kulongosola kofala kwambiri kwa kuwala kwa polarized, ndipo kuwala kozungulira ndi kozungulira kumatha kuwonedwa ngati mawonekedwe apadera a kuwala kwa elliptically polarized.
Maiko awiri a orthogonal Linear polarization nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "S" ndi "P",iwozimatanthauzidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo achibale ku ndege ya zochitika.P-polarized kuwalakuti ndi oscillating kufanana ndi ndege iyi ndi "P", pamene s-polarized kuwala amene ali ndi magetsi polarized perpendicular ndege iyi ndi "S".Polarizersndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zowongolera polarization yanu, kufalitsa polarization yomwe mukufuna mukamawunikira, kuyamwa kapena kupatutsa zina zonse. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polarizer, iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Kuti tikuthandizeni kusankha polarizer yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu, tikambirana zatsatanetsatane wa polarizer komanso kalozera wosankha polarizer.
P ndi S pol. zimatanthauzidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo achibale ku ndege ya zochitika
Zotsatira za Polarizer
Polarizers amatanthauzidwa ndi magawo angapo ofunika, ena omwe ali enieni a polarization optics. Zofunikira kwambiri ndi izi:
⊙Kupatsirana: Mtengowu mwina ukutanthauza kutumiza kwa kuwala kozungulira kozungulira kolowera komwe kumachokera polarization, kapena kutumiza kwa kuwala kopanda polarizer kudzera pa polarizer. Kupatsirana kofanana ndiko kufalikira kwa kuwala kopanda polarized kudzera pa polarizers awiri omwe ali ndi nkhwangwa zawo zolumikizana molumikizana, pomwe kufalikira ndiko kutulutsa kuwala kopanda polarized kudzera pa polarizers ndi nkhwangwa zawo zowoloka. Kwa polarizers abwino kufala kwa linearly polarized kuwala kufanana ndi polarization olamulira ndi 100%, kufanana kufala ndi 50% ndi kuwoloka kufala ndi 0%. Kuwala kopanda polarized kumatha kuonedwa ngati kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kwachisawawa kwa p- ndi s-polarized kuwala. Polarizer yabwino yolumikizira ingotumiza imodzi mwamizere iwiri, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yoyambira yosasinthika I.0mwa theka, ie,I=ine0/2,kotero kufalikira kofananira (kwa kuwala kopanda polarized) ndi 50%. Kwa kuwala kwa polarized ndi intensity I0, mphamvu yomwe imafalitsidwa kudzera mu polarizer yabwino, I, ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi lamulo la Malus, mwachitsanzo,I=ine0cos2Økumene θ ndi ngodya pakati pa zochitika zozungulira polarization ndi polarization axis. Tikuwona kuti nkhwangwa zofananira, kufalikira kwa 100% kumatheka, pomwe nkhwangwa za 90 °, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti polarizers, pali kufalikira kwa 0%, kotero kufalikira ndi 0%. Komabe muzogwiritsa ntchito zenizeni padziko lapansi kufalitsa sikungakhale ndendende 0%, chifukwa chake, polarizers amadziwika ndi chiŵerengero cha kutha monga momwe tafotokozera pansipa, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kufala kwenikweni kudzera pa polarizers ziwiri zowoloka.
⊙Extinction Ratio ndi Digiri ya Polarization: Ma polarization a polarizer amatanthauzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa polarization kapena polarization, mwachitsanzo, P=(T).1-T2)/(T1+T2) ndi chiŵerengero cha kutha kwake, mwachitsanzo, ρp=T2/T1kumene ma transmittans akulu a kuwala kozungulira polarizer kudzera pa polarizer ndi T1 ndi T2. T1 ndiye kufala kwakukulu kudzera pa polarizer ndipo kumachitika pamene njira yopatsirana ya polarizer ikufanana ndi kugawika kwa chochitikacho; T2 ndiye kufala kochepa kudzera polarizer ndipo kumachitika pamene kufala olamulira wa polarizer ndi perpendicular polarization chochitika linearly polarized mtengo.
Kutha kwa polarizer ya mzere nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ngati 1 / ρp : 1. Zoyimira izi zimachokera ku zosakwana 100: 1 (kutanthauza kuti muli ndi nthawi 100 yotumizira kuwala kwa P polarized kuwala kwa S polarized kuwala) kwa mapepala achuma mpaka 106: 1 kwa apamwamba birefringent crystalline polarizers. Chiŵerengero cha kuzimiririka chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde ndi ngodya ya zochitika ndipo chiyenera kuwunikiridwa pamodzi ndi zinthu zina monga mtengo, kukula, ndi kufalikira kwa polarized kwa ntchito yoperekedwa. Kuphatikiza pa chiŵerengero cha kutha, tikhoza kuyeza momwe polarizer imagwirira ntchito pozindikira momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Mlingo wa polarization umatchedwa "contrast", chiŵerengerochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira zowunikira zochepa zomwe kutayika kwamphamvu ndikofunikira.
⊙Ngodya yolandirira: Mlingo wovomerezeka ndiye kupatuka kwakukulu kwambiri kuchokera pamapangidwe omwe polarizer imagwirabe ntchito mogwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa. Ma polarizer ambiri amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pakona ya 0 ° kapena 45 °, kapena pakona ya Brewster. Mbali yovomerezeka ndiyofunikira pakuyanjanitsa koma imakhala yofunika kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito ndi matabwa omwe sanagwirizane. Mawaya a gridi ndi ma polarizer a dichroic ali ndi ngodya zazikulu zovomerezeka, mpaka kuvomereza kokwanira pafupifupi 90 °.
⊙Zomangamanga: Ma polarizer amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso kapangidwe kake. Ma polarizer amafilimu owonda ndi makanema owonda ofanana ndi zosefera za kuwala. Polarizing mbale beamsplitters ndi woonda, lathyathyathya mbale anaika pa ngodya kwa mtengo. Polarizing cube beamsplitters imakhala ndi ma prism awiri akumanja omwe amalumikizidwa palimodzi pa hypotenuse.
Birefringent polarizers amakhala ndi ma prisms awiri owumbika pamodzi, pomwe mbali ya ma prisms imatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka polarizer.
⊙Bowo loyera: Bowo lowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri limakhala loletsa kwambiri polarizer chifukwa kupezeka kwa makristalo owoneka bwino kumachepetsa kukula kwa ma polarizers. Dichroic polarizers ali ndi malo owoneka bwino kwambiri omwe amapezeka chifukwa mapangidwe awo amakongoletsa kukula kwake.
⊙Kutalika kwa njira: Kuwala kwautali kumayenera kudutsa polarizer. Zofunikira pakubalalika, zotchingira zowonongeka, ndi zopinga za danga, kutalika kwa njira za kuwala kumatha kukhala kofunikira mu ma polarizer a birefringent koma nthawi zambiri amakhala aafupi mu dichroic polarizers.
⊙Zowonongeka: Malo owonongeka a laser amatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mapangidwe a polarizer, okhala ndi ma polarizer a birefringent omwe amakhala ndi malo owonongeka kwambiri. Simenti nthawi zambiri ndiye chinthu chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa laser, ndichifukwa chake ma beamsplitters olumikizana ndi ma air spaced birefringent polarizer amakhala ndi zowononga kwambiri.
Polarizer Selection Guide
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma polarizers kuphatikiza dichroic, cube, grid grid, ndi crystalline. Palibe mtundu wa polarizer womwe uli wabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse, aliyense ali ndi mphamvu zake komanso zofooka zake.
Ma Dichroic Polarizer amafalitsa malo enaake a polarization pomwe amatsekereza ena onse. Kumanga kofananira kumakhala ndi gawo limodzi lokhala ndi gawo limodzi kapena filimu ya polymer dichroic, yokhala ndi mbale ziwiri zamagalasi. Pamene mtengo wachilengedwe umadutsa muzinthu za dichroic, gawo limodzi la orthogonal polarization la mtengowo limalowetsedwa mwamphamvu ndipo linalo limatuluka ndikumayamwa kofooka. Chifukwa chake, dichroic sheet polarizer itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mtengo wosasinthika kukhala mtanda wa polarized. Poyerekeza ndi polarizing prisms, dichroic sheet polarizer imapereka kukula kwakukulu kwambiri ndi ngodya yovomerezeka.Pamene mudzawona kutha kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha mtengo, zomangamanga zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma lasers amphamvu kapena kutentha kwakukulu. Dichroic polarizers amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira filimu yotsika mtengo ya laminated mpaka polarizers yolondola kwambiri.
Dichroic polarizers amayamwa polarization osafunika
Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters amapangidwa polumikizana ndi ma prisms awiri akumanja okhala ndi hypotenuse yokutidwa. Kupaka polarizing nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi zigawo zosinthasintha zazitsulo zapamwamba ndi zotsika zomwe zimasonyeza kuwala kwa S polarized ndi kutumiza P. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zitsulo ziwiri za orthogonal mu mawonekedwe omwe ndi osavuta kukwera ndi kugwirizanitsa. Zopangira polarizing zimatha kupirira mphamvu zambiri, koma zomatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira ma cubes zimatha kulephera. Izi kulephera akafuna akhoza kuthetsedwa kudzera Optically kukhudzana. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri timawona kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtengo wopatsirana, kusiyanitsa komwe kumawonekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika.
Mawaya a grid polarizer amakhala ndi mawaya angapo osawoneka bwino pagawo lagalasi lomwe limatumiza kuwala kwa P-Polarized ndikuwonetsa kuwala kwa S-Polarized. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amakina, ma grid polarizers amakhala ndi bandi wavelength yomwe imachepetsedwa kokha ndi kufalikira kwa gawo lapansi ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pamapulogalamu amaburodi omwe amafunikira kusiyanitsa kwakukulu.
Polarization perpendicular kwa mawaya zitsulo imafalikira
Crystalline polarizer imatumiza polarization yomwe imafunidwa ndikupatutsa ena onse pogwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zamakristali.
Ma crystalline polarizers amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a birefringent a gawo lapansi kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a kuwala komwe kukubwera. Zipangizo za Birefringent zimakhala ndi ma indices osiyana pang'ono a refraction pakuwala kosinthika mosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayiko osiyanasiyana aziyenda mothamanga mosiyanasiyana.
Ma polarizer a Wollaston ndi mtundu wa ma crystalline polarizer omwe amakhala ndi ma prisms awiri opindika kumanja omangika palimodzi, kotero kuti nkhwangwa zawo zowoneka ndizokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ma crystalline polarizers kumawapangitsa kukhala abwino pakugwiritsa ntchito laser.
Wollaston Polarizer
Paralight Optics 'gulu lalikulu la polarizers limaphatikizapo Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, High Performance Two Channel PBS, High Power Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, 56 ° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, 45 ° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, Dichroic Sheet Polarizers, Polarngizers Bilizer, Nanoparticles Taylor Polarizers, Glan Laser Polarizers, Glan Thompson Polarizers, Wollaston Polarizers, Rochon Polarizers), Variable Circular Polarizers, ndi Polarizing Beam Displacers / Combiners.
Laser Line Polarizers
Kuti mumve zambiri za polarization optics kapena pezani mtengo, chonde titumizireni.
