1 Gukwirakwiza urumuri
Umucyo ufite ibintu bitatu by'ibanze, aribyo uburebure bwumuraba, ubukana hamwe na polarisiyasi. Uburebure bwumucyo biroroshye kubyumva, ufata urumuri rusanzwe rugaragara nkurugero, uburebure bwumuraba ni 380 ~ 780nm. Ubwinshi bwurumuri nabwo biroroshye kubyumva, kandi niba urumuri rwumucyo rukomeye cyangwa rufite intege nke rushobora kurangwa nubunini bwimbaraga. Ibinyuranyo, polarisiyasi iranga urumuri nigisobanuro cyerekezo cyinyeganyeza cyumuriro wumuriro wumuriro wumuriro, udashobora kuboneka no gukorwaho, kubwibyo rero ntabwo byoroshye kubyumva, ariko, mubyukuri, polarisiyasi iranga urumuri ni na ngombwa cyane, kandi ifite uburyo bunini bwo gukoresha mubuzima, nkibintu byerekana amazi ya kirisiti tubona buri munsi, tekinoroji ya polarisiyasi ikoreshwa kugirango igere ku ibara ryerekana no guhuza itandukaniro. Iyo ureba firime ya 3D muri cinema, ibirahure bya 3D nabyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwa polarisiyasi yumucyo. Kubakora imirimo ya optique, gusobanukirwa neza na polarisiyasi no kuyikoresha muri sisitemu ifatika ya optique bizafasha cyane mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa nibikorwa. Kubwibyo, guhera mu ntangiriro yiki kiganiro, tuzakoresha ibisobanuro byoroheje kugirango tumenye polarisiyasi yumucyo, kugirango buriwese asobanukirwe byimazeyo polarisiyasi, kandi akoreshe neza akazi.
2 Ubumenyi bwibanze bwa polarisiyasi
Kuberako hari ibitekerezo byinshi birimo, tuzabigabanyamo incamake kugirango tubamenyeshe intambwe ku yindi.
2.1 Igitekerezo cya polarisiyasi
Twese tuzi ko urumuri ari ubwoko bwa electromagnetic wave, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, umuyagankuba wa elegitoronike ugizwe n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi E n'umurima wa magneti B, utandukanijwe. Imiraba ibiri iranyeganyega mu cyerekezo cyayo kandi ikwirakwiza mu buryo butambitse ku cyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza Z.
Kuberako umurima wamashanyarazi numurima wa magnetiki bitandukanijwe, icyiciro ni kimwe, kandi icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwizwa ni kimwe, bityo polarisiyasi yumucyo isobanurwa no gusesengura kunyeganyega kwumuriro wamashanyarazi mubikorwa.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, amashanyarazi yumurima E irashobora kubora muri Ex vector na Ey vector, kandi ibyo bita polarisiyonike ni ugukwirakwiza icyerekezo cyinyeganyeza cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi Ex na Ey mugihe n'umwanya.
2.2
A. Ihindagurika rya Elliptike
Elliptical polarisation niyo shingiro ryibanze rya polarisiyasi, aho ibice bibiri byumuriro wamashanyarazi bifite itandukaniro ryicyiciro gihoraho (kimwe gikwirakwiza vuba, kimwe gikwirakwiza gahoro), kandi itandukaniro ryicyiciro ntirihwanye numubare wuzuye wa π / 2, kandi amplitude irashobora ube umwe cyangwa utandukanye. Niba urebye ukurikije icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza, umurongo wa kontour yumurongo wanyuma wa trayektori yumurongo wumuriro wamashanyarazi uzashushanya ellipse, nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo:
B, umurongo umwe
Umurongo wa polarisiyonike ni uburyo bwihariye bwa polarisiyasi ya elliptike, mugihe ibice bibiri byumuriro wamashanyarazi bitatandukanijwe nicyiciro, amashanyarazi yumuriro wa vectori iranyeganyega mu ndege imwe, iyo urebye ukurikije icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza, amashanyarazi yumurongo wa vector end point trajectory kontour ni umurongo ugororotse. . Niba ibice byombi bifite amplitude amwe, iyi ni dogere 45 yumurongo wa polarisiyasi yerekanwe kumashusho hepfo.
C, uruziga ruzengurutse
Uruziga ruzengurutse kandi ni uburyo bwihariye bwa polarisiyasi ya elliptique, mugihe ibice bibiri byamashanyarazi bifite itandukaniro rya dogere 90 na amplitude imwe, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwizwa, inzira yanyuma ya traktori yumurongo wumuriro ni uruziga, nkuko bigaragara muri ishusho ikurikira:
2.3 Gutandukanya polarisiyasi yumucyo
Umucyo usohoka biturutse kumasoko asanzwe yumucyo nuruhererekane rudasanzwe rwurumuri rutabarika rwinshi, ntirushobora kuboneka aho icyerekezo cyumucyo kibogamye iyo kibonetse neza. Ubu bwoko bwurumuri rwumubyigano uhindagurika mubyerekezo byose byitwa urumuri rusanzwe, rufite impinduka zidasanzwe za polarisiyasi yimiterere nicyiciro cyicyiciro, harimo icyerekezo cyose gishoboka cyo kunyeganyega cyerekezo cyerekezo cyogukwirakwiza kwumucyo, ntigaragaza polarisiyasi, ni iya itara ridafite inkingi. Umucyo usanzwe urimo urumuri rw'izuba, urumuri ruva mumatara yo murugo, nibindi.
Umucyo wuzuye wuzuye ufite icyerekezo gihamye cya electromagnetic yumurongo uhindagurika, kandi ibice bibiri byumurima wamashanyarazi bifite itandukaniro ryicyiciro gihoraho, kirimo urumuri ruvuzwe haruguru ruvanze n’umucyo, urumuri rwa elliptike rufite urumuri n’urumuri ruzengurutse.
Umucyo igice kimwe gifite ibice bibiri bigize urumuri rusanzwe hamwe nurumuri rwa polarisiyasi, nkurumuri rwa lazeri dukunze gukoresha, rutari urumuri rwuzuye cyangwa urumuri rudakabije, noneho ni urumuri rwinshi. Kugirango ugereranye igipimo cyurumuri rwa polarisiyumu muburemere bwurumuri rwuzuye, hashyizweho igitekerezo cya Impamyabumenyi ya Polarisiyasi (DOP), nicyo kigereranyo cyumucyo ukabije wumucyo mwinshi, kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 1,0 kubantu badafite inkingi. urumuri, 1 kumucyo wuzuye. Byongeye kandi, umurongo wa polarisiyonike (DOLP) ni igipimo cyumucyo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumucyo mwinshi, mugihe uruziga ruzengurutse (DOCP) ni ikigereranyo cyumucyo uzengurutswe nubucyo bwuzuye. Mubuzima, amatara asanzwe ya LED asohora urumuri igice.
2.4 Guhindura hagati ya polarisiyasi
Ibintu byinshi bya optique bigira ingaruka kuri polarisiyasi yibiti, rimwe na rimwe bikaba byitezwe nabakoresha kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibiteganijwe. Kurugero, niba urumuri rwumucyo rugaragaye, polarisiyasi yarwo izahinduka, mugihe cyumucyo karemano, igaragarira mumazi, izahinduka urumuri igice.
Igihe cyose igiti kitagaragaye cyangwa kinyuze mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, imiterere yacyo ikomeza kuba ihamye. Niba ushaka guhindura umubare wimiterere ya polarisiyasi yibiti, urashobora gukoresha polarisike optique kugirango ubikore. Kurugero, icya kane-isahani isanzwe nikintu gisanzwe cya polarisiyasi, ikozwe mubintu bya kirisiti ya kirisiti, igabanijwemo umurongo wihuse hamwe nicyerekezo cyihuta, kandi irashobora gutinza icyiciro cya π / 2 (90 °) cyumuriro wamashanyarazi ugereranije Kuri axe gahoro, mugihe amashanyarazi yumurongo wa parike ihwanye na axe yihuta nta gutinda, kuburyo mugihe urumuri ruringaniye ruba rufite ibyabaye kuri plaque-flake kuri polarisiyasi Inguni ya dogere 45, Umucyo wumucyo unyuze kumasahani wizuba uba urumuri ruzengurutse urumuri, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira. Ubwa mbere, urumuri rusanzwe ruhindurwa mumucyo uringaniye hamwe na polarizari yumurongo, hanyuma urumuri rugizwe nurumuri runyuze muri 1/4 cyumurambararo hanyuma rukaba urumuri ruzengurutse uruziga, kandi ubukana bwurumuri ntibuhinduka.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo urumuri rugenda mu cyerekezo gitandukanye kandi urumuri ruzengurutse uruziga rukubita isahani ya 1/4 kuri dogere 45 ya polarisiyasi, urumuri runyura ruhinduka urumuri rukabije.
Umucyo uhindagurika urashobora guhinduka urumuri rutagira inkingi ukoresheje urwego ruhuza rwavuzwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi. Nyuma yumucyo ucanye umurongo winjiye murwego rwo guhuza, bigaragarira inshuro nyinshi murwego, kandi kunyeganyega kumurima wamashanyarazi birahagarara, kugirango ibisohoka birangire byumuzingi bishobora kubona urumuri rudafite inkingi.
2.5 P urumuri, S urumuri na Brewster Angle
Byombi P-urumuri na S-urumuri rufite umurongo umwe, uruzitiro rwerekezo rwa perpendikulari kuri mugenzi we, kandi ni ingirakamaro mugihe usuzumye uburyo bwo kugaragariza no kugabanya urumuri. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, urumuri rumurikira mu ndege yabereye, rugaragaza gutekereza no gucika intege, kandi indege yakozwe n’ibiti byabaye kandi bisanzwe bisobanurwa nkindege yabereye. Umucyo P (inyuguti ya mbere ya Parallel, bisobanura parallel) ni urumuri icyerekezo cya polarisiyasi kibangikanye nindege yibyabaye, naho urumuri rwa S (inyuguti ya mbere ya Senkrecht, bisobanura guhagarikwa) ni urumuri icyerekezo cyacyo cya polarisiyonike kijyanye nindege yibyabaye.
Mubihe bisanzwe, iyo urumuri rusanzwe rugaragajwe kandi rukagabanywa kuri interineti ya dielectric, urumuri rwerekanwe hamwe nurumuri rwacitse ni urumuri rwa polarisike igice, gusa mugihe impanuka Angle ari Inguni yihariye, imiterere ya polarisiyasi yumucyo ugaragara iba ihanamye rwose kubyabaye. indege S polarisiyasi, imiterere ya polarisiyasi yumucyo wacitse irasa nkaho ihuye nindege P polarisiyasi yabereye, muriki gihe impanuka yihariye Angle yitwa Brewster Angle. Iyo urumuri rwabaye kuri Brewster Angle, urumuri rwerekanwe nurumuri rwacitse ni perpendicular kuri mugenzi we. Ukoresheje uyu mutungo, urumuri rugizwe nurumuri rushobora kubyara.
3 Umwanzuro
Muri iyi nyandiko, turamenyekanisha ubumenyi bwibanze bwa optique ya polarisiyasi, urumuri ni umuyagankuba wa electromagnetique, hamwe ningaruka zumuvuduko, polarisiyasi ni ihindagurika ryumuriro wumuriro wumuriro mumuraba. Twashyizeho uburyo butatu bwibanze bwa polarisiyasi, polarisiyasi ya elliptike, umurongo uhuza umurongo hamwe n’umuzingi uzenguruka, bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi. Ukurikije urwego rutandukanye rwa polarisiyasi, isoko yumucyo irashobora kugabanywa mumucyo udafite inkingi, urumuri igice kimwe nurumuri rwuzuye, rukeneye gutandukanywa no kuvangura mubikorwa. Mu gusubiza byinshi byavuzwe haruguru.
Twandikire:
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Ongeraho: Kubaka 1, No.1558, umuhanda wubwenge, qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, china
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2024
