Ubwiza bw'ubuso
Ubuso bwubuso bwa optique busobanura isura yabwo yo kwisiga kandi burimo inenge nkibishushanyo n’ibyobo, cyangwa gucukura.Mubihe byinshi, ubusembwa bwubuso burimo kwisiga gusa kandi ntibuhindura cyane imikorere ya sisitemu, nubwo, bishobora gutera igihombo gito mumikorere ya sisitemu no kwiyongera gake kumucyo utatanye.Nyamara, ubuso bumwe na bumwe, ariko, bwumva cyane izi ngaruka nka: (1) hejuru yindege zishusho kuko izo nenge ziribandwaho kandi (2) hejuru yububasha bwimbaraga nyinshi kuko izo nenge zishobora gutera kwiyongera kwingufu zingufu no kwangirika optique.Ibisobanuro bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubuziranenge bwubuso ni igishushanyo mbonera cyasobanuwe na MIL-PRF-13830B.Igishushanyo mbonera kigenwa no kugereranya ibishushanyo hejuru yubuso hamwe nu gishushanyo gisanzwe munsi yumucyo ugenzurwa.Kubwibyo gushushanya ntibisobanura igishushanyo nyirizina ubwacyo, ahubwo ubigereranya nigishushanyo gisanzwe ukurikije MIL-Spec.Gucukura, ariko, bifitanye isano itaziguye no gucukura, cyangwa urwobo ruto hejuru.Ibicuruzwa byacukuwe bibarwa kuri diametre yubucukuzi bwa microne igabanijwe na 10. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya 80-50 mubisanzwe bifatwa nkubuziranenge busanzwe, ubuziranenge bwa 60-40, nubuziranenge bwa 20-10.
| Imbonerahamwe 6: Gukora ubworoherane bwubuziranenge bwubuso | |
| Ubwiza bw'ubuso (gushushanya-gucukura) | Icyiciro cyiza |
| 80-50 | Ibisanzwe |
| 60-40 | Icyitonderwa |
| 40-20 | Byukuri |
Ubuso
Uburinganire bwubuso nubwoko bwubusobanuro bwuzuye bupima gutandukana hejuru yuburinganire nkubwa indorerwamo, idirishya, prism, cyangwa plano-lens.Uku gutandukana kurashobora gupimwa ukoresheje igorofa ya optique, ni ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, busobanutse neza busa neza bwakoreshejwe kugereranya uburinganire bwikizamini.Iyo ubuso buringaniye bwikizamini cya optique gishyizwe kumurongo wa optique, impande zigaragara zifite imiterere yerekana ubuso bwa optique iri kugenzurwa.Niba impande zingana zingana, zigororotse, kandi zirasa, noneho ubuso bwa optique munsi yikizamini nibura buringaniye nkibisobanuro bya optique.Niba impande zigoramye, umubare wimpande hagati yimirongo ibiri itekereza, imwe igana hagati yumurongo umwe unyuze kumpera yurwo ruhande, byerekana ikosa ryubusa.Gutandukana muburinganire akenshi bipimirwa mubiciro byumuraba (λ), bigwiza uburebure bwumuraba wibizamini.Impande imwe ihuye na ½ yumuraba, ni ukuvuga, 1 λ ihwanye nimpande 2.
| Imbonerahamwe 7: Gukora ubworoherane bwo Kuringaniza | |
| Kubeshya | Icyiciro cyiza |
| 1λ | Ibisanzwe |
| λ / 4 | Icyitonderwa |
| λ / 10 | Byukuri |
Imbaraga
Imbaraga nubwoko bwubuso busobanutse neza, bukoreshwa muburyo bugororotse bwa optique, cyangwa hejuru hamwe nimbaraga.Ni igipimo cyo kugabanuka hejuru ya optique kandi gitandukanye na radiyo yo kugabanuka kuko ikoreshwa kuri micro-nini yo gutandukana muburyo bwa serefegitura.urugero, tekereza kuri radiyo yo kwihanganira kugabanuka isobanurwa nka 100 +/- 0.1mm, iyo radiyo imaze kubyara, gusya no gupimwa, dusanga kugabanuka kwayo ari 99,95mm biri muburyo bwo kwihanganira imashini.Muri iki kibazo, tuzi ko uburebure bwibanze nabwo bukwiye kuva tumaze kugera kumiterere nyayo.Ariko kubera ko radiyo n'uburebure bwibanze ari byo, ntibisobanura ko lens izakora nkuko byateguwe.Ntabwo bihagije rero gusobanura gusa radiyo yo kugabanuka ariko nanone guhuza umurongo - kandi nibyo nibyo imbaraga zagenewe kugenzura.Ubundi ukoresheje radiyo imwe 99,95mm yavuzwe haruguru, optique irashobora kwifuza kurushaho kugenzura neza urumuri rwacitse mukugabanya imbaraga ≤ 1 λ.Ibi bivuze ko hejuru ya diameter yose, ntihashobora kubaho gutandukana kurenza 632.8nm (1λ = 632.8nm) muburyo bwimiterere.Ongeraho uru rwego rukomeye rwo kugenzura kumiterere yubuso bifasha mukumenya neza ko imirasire yumucyo kuruhande rumwe rwa lens idacika ukundi kurenza kurundi ruhande.Kubera ko intego ishobora kuba iyo kugera kumurongo wibanze yibyabaye byose, uko imiterere ihagaze, niko urumuri ruzitwara neza iyo runyuze mumurongo.
Opticien yerekana ikosa ryingufu ukurikije imiraba cyangwa impande hanyuma bakapima ukoresheje interterometero.Igeragezwa muburyo busa nuburinganire, muburyo buringaniye bugereranwa nubuso bwerekanwe hamwe na radiyo ihanamye cyane ya radiyo.Ukoresheje ihame rimwe ryo kwivanga ryatewe no gutandukanya ikirere hagati yubuso bwombi, uburyo bwo guhuza impande zikoreshwa mugusobanura gutandukana kwubuso bwibizamini bivuye hejuru (Ishusho 11).Gutandukana kwerekanwa bizakora urukurikirane rwimpeta, izwi nka Impeta ya Newton.Impeta nyinshi zihari, niko gutandukana.Umubare wijimye cyangwa urumuri impeta, ntabwo igiteranyo cyumucyo numwijima, bihuye numubare wikubye kabiri umuraba wikosa.
Igishushanyo 11: Ikosa ryimbaraga zageragejwe ugereranije nubuso cyangwa gukoresha interterometero
Ikosa ryimbaraga rifitanye isano nikosa muri radiyo ya curvature ikigereranyo gikurikira aho ∆R ni ikosa rya radiyo, D ni diameter ya lens, R ni radiyo yo hejuru, na λ nuburebure bwumurongo (mubisanzwe 632.8nm):
Ikosa ry'imbaraga [imiraba cyangwa λ] = ∆R D² / 8R²λ
Igishushanyo 12: Ikosa ryimbaraga hejuru ya Diamater vs Ikosa rya Radius kuri Centre
Kutubahiriza amategeko
Kutubahiriza amategeko hitabwa ku ntera ntoya itandukanye ku buso bwiza.Nka mbaraga, bipimwa ukurikije imiraba cyangwa impande kandi bikarangwa hakoreshejwe interterometero.Mubisanzwe, biroroshye gutekereza gutekereza kubidasanzwe nkigisobanuro gisobanura uburyo ubuso bwa optique bugomba kuba bworoshye.Mugihe muri rusange impinga zapimwe hamwe nibibaya hejuru yubuso bushobora kuba bihuye mukarere kamwe, igice gitandukanye cya optique gishobora kwerekana gutandukana cyane.Mu bihe nk'ibi, urumuri rwangijwe na lens rushobora kwitwara ukundi bitewe n’aho rwangijwe na optique.Kutubahiriza amategeko rero ni ikintu cyingenzi kwitabwaho mugihe utegura lens.Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana uburyo ubu buso butandukana nuburinganire bwuzuye bushobora kurangwa ukoresheje PV idasanzwe.
Igishushanyo 13: Ibipimo bya PV bidasanzwe
Kudakurikiza amategeko ni ubwoko bwubusobanuro bwuzuye busobanura uburyo imiterere yubuso itandukana nuburyo bwubuso.Byabonetse mubipimo bimwe nimbaraga.Ubusanzwe bivuga ubuso bwuruziga ruzengurutse rugereranijwe no kugereranya ubuso bwikigereranyo.Iyo imbaraga zubuso burenze impande 5, biragoye kumenya utuntu duto duto tutarenze 1.Niyo mpamvu, biramenyerewe kwerekana ubuso bufite igipimo cyingufu zingana na 5: 1.
Igicapo 14: Flatness vs Imbaraga vs Irregularity
RMS Imirongo ya PV Imbaraga no Kudasanzwe
Mugihe muganira ku mbaraga no kutubahiriza amategeko, ni ngombwa kumenya uburyo bubiri bushobora gusobanurwa.Iya mbere nigiciro cyuzuye.Kurugero, niba optique isobanuwe nkufite 1 idasanzwe idasanzwe, ntihashobora kubaho itandukaniro rirenga 1 ryumurongo hagati yumwanya muremure kandi wo hasi hejuru yubuso bwa optique cyangwa impinga-kuri-ikibaya (PV).Uburyo bwa kabiri nugusobanura imbaraga cyangwa ibitagenda neza nka 1 wave RMS (umuzi bisobanura kwaduka) cyangwa impuzandengo.Muri ubu busobanuro, ubuso bwa optique busobanurwa nkumuraba 1 RMS idasanzwe irashobora, mubyukuri, ifite impinga n’ibibaya birenze umuraba 1, nyamara, iyo usuzumye ubuso bwuzuye, impuzandengo rusange idasanzwe igomba kugwa mumuraba 1.
Byose muri byose, RMS na PV nuburyo bwombi bwo gusobanura uburyo imiterere yikintu ihuye neza nuburinganire bwacyo, bwiswe "igishushanyo mbonera" na "uburinganire bwubuso".Byombi bibarwa uhereye kumibare imwe, nko gupima interterometero, ariko ibisobanuro biratandukanye.PV ninziza mugutanga "ibintu-bibi-byabaye" hejuru;RMS nuburyo bwo gusobanura impuzandengo yo gutandukana kwishusho yubuso uhereye kubifuzwa cyangwa hejuru.RMS nibyiza gusobanura itandukaniro rusange.Nta sano yoroshye iri hagati ya PV na RMS.Nyamara, nkuko bisanzwe, agaciro ka RMS kangana na 0.2 nkigikomeye nkigiciro kitagereranijwe mugihe ugereranije kuruhande, ni ukuvuga 0.1 umuraba udasanzwe PV uhwanye na 0.5 RMS ya RMS.
Kurangiza
Kurangiza ubuso, bizwi kandi nkubuso bukabije, bipima urugero ruto rudasanzwe.Mubisanzwe nibintu bibabaje byimbaraga zo gusya hamwe nubwoko bwibintu.Nubwo optique ifatwa nkibintu byoroshye bidasanzwe hamwe nubusembwa buke hejuru yubutaka, mugenzuye hafi, isuzuma ryukuri rya microscopique rishobora kwerekana itandukaniro ryinshi muburyo bwimiterere.Ikigereranyo cyiza cyiki gihangano nukugereranya ububobere bwubuso na sandpaper grit.Mugihe ingano nziza ya grit ishobora kumva yoroshye kandi isanzwe ikoraho, ubuso bugizwe nimpinga ya microscopique nimpande zagenwe nubunini bwa grit ubwayo.Kubijyanye na optique, "grit" irashobora gutekerezwa nkikosa rya microscopique muburyo bwimiterere yubutaka biterwa nubwiza bwa polish.Ubuso bubi bukunda kwambara vuba kurenza ubuso bworoshye kandi ntibishobora kuba bibereye mubisabwa bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane bifite lazeri cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, kubera ahantu hashobora kuba nucleation ishobora kugaragara mubice bito cyangwa udusembwa.
Bitandukanye nimbaraga nubudashyikirwa, bipimirwa mumiraba cyangwa uduce twinshi twumuraba, ubukana bwubuso, bitewe nubwibone bukabije bwibanda kumiterere yubuso, bipimirwa mubipimo bya angstroms kandi burigihe mubijyanye na RMS.Kugereranya, bisaba angstroms icumi kugirango bangane nanometero imwe na nanometero 632.8 kugirango bangane umuraba umwe.
Igicapo 15: Uburebure bwa RMS Igipimo cya RMS
| Imbonerahamwe 8: Gukora kwihanganira gukora Surface Kurangiza | |
| Ubuso Bwuzuye (RMS) | Icyiciro cyiza |
| 50Å | Ibisanzwe |
| 20Å | Icyitonderwa |
| 5Å | Byukuri |
Ikwirakwizwa rya Wavefront Ikosa
Ikosa ryandujwe (TWE) rikoreshwa muguhuza imikorere yibintu byiza nkuko urumuri runyura.Bitandukanye no gupima imiterere yubuso, ibipimo byoherejwe byerekanwe harimo amakosa kuva imbere ninyuma, wedge, hamwe nuburinganire bwibintu.Ibipimo byimikorere muri rusange bitanga gusobanukirwa neza imikorere ya optique.
Mugihe ibice byinshi bya optique bipimwa kugiti cyihariye cyangwa imiterere ya TWE, ibyo bice byanze bikunze byubatswe mubiterane bigoye bya optique hamwe nibikorwa bisabwa ubwabo.Mubisabwa bimwe biremewe gushingira kubipimo bigize ibipimo no kwihanganira guhanura imikorere yanyuma, ariko kubisabwa byinshi ni ngombwa gupima inteko uko yubatswe.
Ibipimo bya TWE bikoreshwa mukwemeza sisitemu optique yubatswe kubisobanuro kandi izakora nkuko byari byitezwe.Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya TWE birashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza sisitemu, kugabanya igihe cyo guterana, mugihe ibikorwa biteganijwe kugerwaho.
Paralight Optics ikubiyemo ibyuma-bigezweho bya CNC urusyo hamwe na poliseri, byombi kumiterere isanzwe, kimwe na aspheric na form-yubusa.Gukoresha metrologiya yateye imbere harimo Zygo interferometero, profilometero, TriOptics Opticentric, TriOptics OptiSpheric, nibindi byombi murwego rwo gupima metrology no kugenzura kwanyuma, kimwe nuburambe bwimyaka yacu mubihimbano bya optique & coating biradufasha gukemura bimwe mubigoye kandi binini. optique ikora cyane kugirango ihuze ibisabwa bisabwa neza kubakiriya.
Kubindi bisobanuro byimbitse, nyamuneka reba kataloge optique cyangwa ibicuruzwa bigaragara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-26-2023