Sobanukirwa na optique ya lensike yubuso bwihariye

Ubuso

Ubwiza bw'ubuso

Ubwiza bwubuso bwa optique bukoreshwa mugupima ibiranga ibicuruzwa bya optique kandi bikubiyemo ubusembwa butari buke nko gushushanya. Byinshi muribi bidatunganijwe neza ni kwisiga gusa kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka cyane kumikorere ya sisitemu, nubwo, bishobora gutera kwibiza gato muri sisitemu yinjira no gukwirakwiza neza urumuri rutatanye. Nyamara, ibice bimwe bizumva neza izo ngaruka, nka: ubuso bufite indege zishusho, aho ubwo busembwa bushobora gutera kwibanda, hamwe nubuso bufite ingufu nyinshi, aho ubwo busembwa bushobora kongera imbaraga zo kwangiza no kwangiza ibicuruzwa byiza. Ikoreshwa cyane mubisobanuro byubuziranenge bwubuso nigishushanyo mbonera hamwe na MIL-PRF-13830B. Amazina yo gushushanya agenwa no kugereranya ibishushanyo hejuru yuruhererekane rwibishushanyo bisanzwe bitangwa mugihe cyamatara yagenzuwe. Rero, aho gusobanura ibishushanyo nyabyo byayo, izina ryikigereranyo ribagereranya nigishushanyo gisanzwe gishingiye kubisobanuro bya MIL. Amazina yo mu rwobo, ariko, ahuza neza ningingo cyangwa ibyobo hejuru. Amazina y'ibyobo abarwa mugabanye diameter ya cyobo muri microni 10. Mubisanzwe ibyobo byerekana neza hagati ya 80 na 50 byafatwa nkubuziranenge busanzwe, hagati ya 60 na 40 byaba ari byiza, kandi hagati ya 20 na 10 byafatwa nkibisobanuro bihanitse. ubuziranenge.

Uburinganire

p> Ubuso bwubuso nubwoko bwibisobanuro bipima uburinganire bwubuso, kandi bukoreshwa mugupima gutandukana kwubuso buringaniye nkindorerwamo, ibice byidirishya,prism, cyangwa indorerwamo. Urashobora gupima uku gutandukana ukoresheje optique ya optique ya kristu, ni indege yo mu rwego rwohejuru, yuzuye-indege ikoreshwa mu kugereranya ubworoherane bwikigereranyo. Iyo indege yibicuruzwa bya optique iri kugeragezwa ishyizwe hamwe na optique, imirongo igaragara, imiterere yayo yerekana ubuso bwibicuruzwa bya optique biri kugeragezwa. Niba imirongo iringaniye kandi iringaniza imirongo igororotse, noneho igeragezwa rya optique ryagereranijwe byibuze riringaniye nkibisobanuro bya optique ya kristu. Niba imirongo igoramye, umubare wimirongo iri hagati yimirongo ibiri yacagaguye (umurongo umwe ucagaguye ugana hagati yumurongo undi umurongo ucagaguye unyura kumpera yumurongo umwe) werekana ikosa ryoroshye. Gutandukana muburyo busanzwe bipimwa ukurikije agaciro ka ripple (λ), bigizwe nuburebure bwinshi bwumurongo wikizamini. Umurongo umwe uhuye na ½ yuburebure. Ubworoherane bwa 1λ bwerekana impuzandengo yubuziranenge; ubworoherane bwa λ / 4 bwerekana urwego rwiza; n'ubworoherane bwa λ / 20 byerekana urwego rwohejuru rwiza.

Inomero

Umubare wa aperture ni ubwoko bwibisobanuro bipima uburinganire bwubuso, bukoreshwa muburyo bugororotse bwa optique cyangwa hejuru yimbaraga. Ikizamini cya aperture gisa nikigereranyo cyo kugereranya kuberako igereranya ubuso nubuso bwerekanwe hamwe na radiyo-yuzuye ya radiyo yo kugabanuka. Ukoresheje ihame rimwe ryo kwivanga ryatewe no gutandukanya iri sura zombi, uburyo bwo guhuza imirongo bwakoreshejwe mukuranga gutandukana hagati yikizamini nubuso bwerekanwe. Gutandukana kwerekanwa bizatanga urukurikirane rwimpeta yitwa impeta ya Newton. Impeta nyinshi zihari, niko gutandukana. Umubare wimpeta yijimye cyangwa yaka, kuruta umubare wuzuye wimpeta zijimye kandi zijimye, zingana na kabiri ikosa ryuburebure.

Kutubahiriza amategeko

Kudakurikiza amategeko ni ubwoko bwibisobanuro bipima uburinganire bwubuso kandi bugasobanura gutandukana kwimiterere yubuso uhereye kumiterere yubuso. Kutubahirizwa bipimwa kimwe numubare wa aperture. Kudakurikiza amategeko ni umuzenguruko uzenguruka ugizwe no kugereranya ubuso bwikigereranyo. Iyo ubuso bufite umubare wa aperture urenze imirongo 5, bizagorana kumenya uduce duto duto duto duto kurenza umurongo 1. Kubwibyo, biramenyerewe kwerekana igipimo cyumubare wa aperture nuburyo budasanzwe bwubuso kuburyo bugera kuri 5: 1.

Kurangiza/Ubuso bukabije

Kurangiza ubuso, bizwi kandi nkubuso bukabije, bikoreshwa mugupima utuntu duto duto hejuru. Mubisanzwe ni ibisubizo byuburyo bubi bwo gusya. Ubuso bubi bukunda kwihanganira abrasion kurusha ubuso bworoshye kandi ntibushobora kuba bubereye porogaramu zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane izikoresha lazeri cyangwa ahantu hashyushye cyane, bitewe n’ibishobora kuvunika bito cyangwa ubusembwa kuri nucleation. Kwihanganira umusaruro kugirango urangire hejuru ni 50Å RMS kubwiza buringaniye, 20Å RMS kubwiza nyabwo, na 5Å RMS kubwiza buhanitse.

Kubindi bisobanuro byimbitse, nyamuneka reba ibyacukataloge optiquecyangwa cyangwa wumve neza kutwandikira kubindi bisobanuro.