Amashanyarazi ya Infrared ni iki?

1) Intangiriro kuri optique ya optique

Infrared Optics ikoreshwa mugukusanya, kwibanda cyangwa gukusanya urumuri mumurambararo uri hagati ya 760 na 14,000 nm. Iki gice cyimirasire ya IR cyongeye kugabanywamo ibice bine bitandukanye:

Hafi ya Infrared range (NIR)	700 - 900 nm
Urwego rugufi-Wave Infrared range (SWIR)	900 - 2300 nm
Hagati ya Infrared Hagati (MWIR)	3000 - 5000 nm
Urwego rurerure-Umuhengeri (LWIR)	8000 - 14000 nm

2) Infrared ngufi (SWIR)

Porogaramu ya SWIR ikubiyemo intera kuva 900 kugeza 2300 nm. Bitandukanye na MWIR na LWIR urumuri rusohoka mubintu ubwabyo, SWIR isa numucyo ugaragara muburyo fotone igaragazwa cyangwa yakiriwe nikintu, bityo igatanga itandukaniro rikenewe kumashusho yerekana neza. Inkomoko yumucyo nkibidukikije bitangiza urumuri ninyuma yumucyo (bita nightglow) nizo zisohora SWIR kandi zitanga urumuri rwiza rwo gufata amashusho hanze nijoro.

Umubare wibisabwa bitera ibibazo cyangwa bidashoboka gukora ukoresheje urumuri rugaragara birashoboka ukoresheje SWIR. Iyo ushushanya muri SWIR, umwuka wamazi, umwotsi wumuriro, igihu, nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe nka silicon biragaragara. Byongeye kandi, amabara agaragara nkaho asa mubigaragara arashobora gutandukana byoroshye ukoresheje SWIR.

Kwerekana amashusho ya SWIR bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi nkububiko bwa elegitoronike no kugenzura imirasire yizuba, gutanga igenzura, kumenya no gutondeka, kugenzura, kurwanya impimbano, kugenzura ubuziranenge nibindi byinshi.

3) Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR)

Sisitemu ya MWIR ikora muri micron ya 3 kugeza 5. Iyo uhisemo hagati ya sisitemu ya MWIR na LWIR, umuntu agomba kuzirikana ibintu byinshi. Ubwa mbere, ikirere cyaho kigizwe nubushuhe nibicu bigomba kwitabwaho. Sisitemu ya MWIR ntabwo yibasiwe nubushuhe kurusha sisitemu ya LWIR, bityo irarenze kubisabwa nko kugenzura inkombe, kugenzura ibinyabiziga byubwato cyangwa kurinda icyambu.

MWIR ifite kwanduza ikirere kuruta LWIR mubihe byinshi. Kubwibyo, MWIR muri rusange irakenewe kubirebire birebire cyane byo kugenzura birenze kilometero 10 uvuye kukintu.

Byongeye kandi, MWIR nayo ihitamo neza niba ushaka kumenya ibintu byubushyuhe bwo hejuru nkibinyabiziga, indege cyangwa misile. Ku ishusho iri hepfo umuntu arashobora kubona ko amashanyarazi ashyushye agaragara cyane muri MWIR kuruta muri LWIR.

4) Umuhengeri muremure (LWIR)

Sisitemu ya LWIR ikora muri micron ya 8 kugeza 14. Bahitamo kubisabwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba. Kamera ya LWIR ntabwo yibasirwa nizuba bityo bikaba byiza kubikorwa byo hanze. Mubisanzwe ni sisitemu idakonje ikoresha microbolometero ya Focal Plane Array, nubwo kamera ya LWIR ikonje ibaho kandi ikoresha ibyuma bya Mercury Cadmium Tellurium (MCT). Ibinyuranye, kamera nyinshi za MWIR zisaba gukonjesha, zikoresha azote yuzuye cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha.

Sisitemu ya LWIR isanga umubare munini wibisabwa nko kugenzura inyubako n’ibikorwa remezo, gutahura inenge, gutahura gaze nibindi. Kamera za LWIR zagize uruhare runini mugihe cyicyorezo cya COVID-19 kuko zitanga ubushyuhe bwihuse bwumubiri.

5) IR Substrates Igitabo cyo Guhitamo

Ibikoresho bya IR bifite imiterere itandukanye ibemerera gukora neza murwego rwo hejuru. IR Fused Silica, Germanium, Silicon, Sapphire, na Zinc Sulfide / Selenide, buriwese afite imbaraga zo gukoresha infragre.

Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)

Zinc selenide ni umuhondo-umuhondo, uruvange rukomeye rugizwe na zinc na selenium. Yakozwe na synthesis ya Zinc vapor na gaze ya H2 Se, ikora nkimpapuro kuri substrate ya grafite. Azwiho igipimo gito cyo kwinjiza kandi cyemerera gukoresha neza lazeri ya CO2.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza	Porogaramu Nziza
0,6 - 16 mm	CO2 laseri na thermometrie na spectroscopy, lens, windows, na sisitemu ya FLIR

Ubudage (Ge)

Germanium ifite ibara ryijimye ryijimye rifite umwirondoro wa 4.024 hamwe no gukwirakwiza optique. Ifite ubucucike butandukanye hamwe na Knoop Hardness (kg / mm2): 780.00 ituma ikora neza kuri optique yo mumashanyarazi mubihe bigoye.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza	Porogaramu Nziza
2 - 16 mm	LWIR - MWIR Amashusho yubushyuhe (iyo AR yatwikiriye), ibintu byiza bya optique

Silicon (S)

Silicon ifite ubururu-imvi bugaragara hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwubushyuhe butuma biba byiza indorerwamo za laser na wafer ya silicon kumasoko ya semiconductor. Ifite indangagaciro ya 3.42. Ibikoresho bya Silicon bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki ni ukubera ko amashanyarazi yayo ashobora kunyura mumashanyarazi ya silicon byihuse cyane ugereranije nabandi bayobora, ntabwo yuzuye cyane kurusha Ge cyangwa ZnSe. AR gutwikira birasabwa kubisabwa byinshi.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza	Porogaramu Nziza
1.2 - 8 mm	MWIR, amashusho ya NIR, IR spectroscopy, sisitemu yo kumenya MWIR

Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)

Zinc Sulfide ni amahitamo meza kuri sensor ya infragre yanduza neza muri IR kandi igaragara. Mubisanzwe ni ikiguzi cyiza kuruta ibindi bikoresho bya IR.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza	Porogaramu Nziza
0,6 - 18 mm	LWIR - MWIR, igaragara kandi hagati-yumuraba cyangwa ibyuma birebire bya infragre

Guhitamo kwa substrate hamwe no kurwanya-kugaragariza bizaterwa nuburebure bwumurongo busaba ihererekanyabubasha mubisabwa. Kurugero, niba wohereza urumuri rwa IR murwego rwa MWIR, germanium irashobora guhitamo neza. Kubisabwa na NIR, safiro irashobora kuba nziza.

Ibindi bisobanuro ushobora gushaka gutekereza muguhitamo kwa infragre optique harimo ibintu byumuriro nubushakashatsi bwo kugabanuka. Imiterere yubushyuhe bwa substrate igereranya uko yitwara kubushyuhe. Akenshi, infragre optique yibintu bizahura nubushyuhe butandukanye. Porogaramu zimwe za IR nazo zitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kugirango umenye niba IR substrate ikwiranye na progaramu yawe uzakenera kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe na coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE). Niba insimburangingo yatanzwe ifite indangagaciro yo hejuru, irashobora kugira imikorere idahwitse ya optique mugihe ikoreshwa mugihe gishyushye. Niba ifite CTE ndende, irashobora kwaguka cyangwa gusezerana kurwego rwo hejuru bitewe nimpinduka nini mubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa muri infragre optique biratandukanye cyane murwego rwo kugabanuka. Urugero, Germanium, ifite indangagaciro yo kugabanya 4.0003, ugereranije na 1.413 kuri MgF. Kuboneka kwa substrate hamwe nurwego runini rwibipimo byo kugabanuka bitanga inyongeramusaruro muburyo bwa sisitemu. Ikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho bya IR bipima ihinduka ryurutonde rwuburebure bwumuraba kubijyanye nuburebure bwumurongo kimwe na chromatic aberration, cyangwa gutandukanya uburebure bwumuraba. Gutatana kubarwa, muburyo butandukanye, hamwe numubare wa Abbe, bisobanurwa nkigipimo cyerekana igipimo cyangirika kuri d yumurambararo wa minus 1, hejuru yikinyuranyo hagati yikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka kumurongo wa f na c. Niba substrate ifite umubare wa Abbe urenze 55, ntabwo itatanye kandi tuyita ibikoresho byikamba. Ibindi byinshi bitandukanya hamwe na Abbe nimero iri munsi ya 55 bita ibikoresho bya flint.

Ibikoresho bya Infrared Optics Porogaramu

Infrared optique ifite porogaramu mubice byinshi, uhereye kumashanyarazi menshi ya CO2, ikora kuri 10,6 mm, kugeza kuri kamera-yerekana amashusho yerekana amashusho (MWIR na LWIR band) hamwe na IR amashusho. Zifite kandi akamaro muri spekitroscopi, kuko inzibacyuho zikoreshwa mukumenya imyuka myinshi ya gaze iri mukarere ka infragre. Dutanga umurongo wa optique kimwe nibikoresho bya infragre ikora neza murwego rwagutse rwumuraba, kandi itsinda ryacu ryinararibonye rirashobora gutanga igishushanyo mbonera no kugisha inama.

Paralight Optics ikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ibintu nka Single Point Diamond Turning na CNC polishing kugirango ikore lensike optique iva muri Silicon, Germanium na Zinc Sulfide ibona porogaramu muri kamera ya MWIR na LWIR. Turashoboye kugera kubwukuri butarenze 0.5 fringes PV hamwe nuburangare buri munsi ya 10 nm.