1 Polarization yechiedza
Chiedza chine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha, zvinoti wavelength, intensity uye polarization. Kureba kwechiedza kuri nyore kunzwisisa, kutora mwenje unooneka wakajairika semuenzaniso, wevelength range i380 ~ 780nm. Kusimba kwechiedza zvakare nyore kunzwisisa, uye kana danda rechiedza rakasimba kana risina simba rinogona kuratidzwa nehukuru hwesimba. Kusiyana neizvi, chimiro chepolarization chechiedza ndiyo tsanangudzo yekufambisa kwekufambisa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi echiedza, izvo zvisingagoni kuonekwa uye kubatwa, saka kazhinji hazvisi nyore kunzwisisa, zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, chimiro chepolarization chechiedza. yakakoshawo, uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemashandisirwo muhupenyu, senge liquid crystal kuratidza yatinoona zuva rega rega, iyo polarization tekinoroji inoshandiswa kuwana kuratidzwa kwemavara uye kusiyanisa kugadzirisa. Kana uchiona mabhaisikopo e3D mubhaisikopo, magirazi e3D anoiswawo kune polarization yechiedza. Kune avo vanoita basa rekuona, kunzwisisa kuzere kwepolarization uye kushandiswa kwayo mune inoshanda optical masisitimu kuchabatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira kubudirira kwezvigadzirwa nemapurojekiti. Nokudaro, kubva pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, tichashandisa tsananguro yakapfava kuunza polarization yechiedza, kuitira kuti munhu wose ave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwepolarization, uye kushandiswa zviri nani mubasa.
2 Ruzivo rwekutanga rwepolarization
Nekuti kune akawanda maconcepts anosanganisirwa, tichaakamura kuita pfupiso dzinoverengeka kuti tivasuma nhanho nhanho.
2.1 Pfungwa yepolarization
Isu tinoziva kuti chiedza imhando yemagetsi emagetsi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera, electromagnetic wave ine yemagetsi munda E uye magineti B, ayo ari perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe. Iwo masaisai maviri anotenderera mumativi awo uye anopararira akachinjika achitevedza nzira yekuparadzira Z.
Nemhaka yokuti simba remagetsi uye magnetic field perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe, chikamu chacho chakafanana, uye kutungamira kwekuparadzira kwakafanana, saka polarization yechiedza inotsanangurwa nekuongorora kudengenyeka kwemagetsi emagetsi mukuita.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, iyo yemagetsi munda vector E inogona kuparara muEx vector uye Ey vector, uye iyo inonzi polarization ndiyo kugoverwa kwe oscillation kutungamira kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi Ex uye Ey nekufamba kwenguva uye nzvimbo.
2.2 Zvinoverengeka zvekutanga polarization nyika
A. Elliptic polarization
Elliptical polarization ndiyo inonyanya kukosha polarization state, umo zvikamu zviviri zvemagetsi zvine musiyano wechikamu (imwe inopararira nekukurumidza, imwe inopararira zvishoma nezvishoma), uye mutsauko wechikamu hauna kuenzana nenhamba yakawanda ye π/2, uye amplitude inogona. zvakafanana kana zvakasiyana. Kana iwe ukatarisa parutivi rwekuparadzira, iyo contour mutsara weiyo endpoint trajectory yemagetsi munda vector inodhirowa ellipse, sezvinoratidzwa pazasi:
B, mutsara polarization
Linear polarization imhando yakakosha yeelliptic polarization, kana maviri emagetsi emumunda zvikamu zvisiri mutsauko, yemagetsi munda vector oscillates mundege imwechete, kana ichitariswa munzira yekuparadzira, yemagetsi field vector endpoint trajectory contour mutsara wakatwasuka. . Kana zvikamu zviviri izvi zvine amplitude yakafanana, iyi ndiyo 45 degree linear polarization inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
C, denderedzwa polarization
Circular polarization zvakare imhando yakakosha yeelliptical polarization, apo zvikamu zviviri zvemagetsi zvemunda zvine 90 dhigirii chikamu musiyano uye maamplitude akafanana, pamwe negwara rekuparadzira, iyo yekupedzisira trajectory yemagetsi field vector idenderedzwa, sezvakaratidzwa mu mufananidzo unotevera:
2.3 Polarization classification yechiedza sosi
Chiedza chinobudiswa chakananga kubva kune yakajairwa chitubu chemwenje seti isingaverengeki yechiedza chepolarized, saka hachigone kuwanikwa kuti kusimba kwechiedza kunorerekera kupi kana ichionekwa zvakananga. Rudzi urwu rwechiedza chechiedza chinozunguzika kumativi ese chinonzi chiedza chechisikigo, chine shanduko isina kurongeka yenzvimbo yepolarization uye mutsauko wechikamu, kusanganisira zvese zvinogoneka vibration mafambiro anoenderana negwaro rekupararira kwechiedza, haaratidze polarization, ndeye chiedza chisina-polarized. Chiedza chechisikigo chakajairika chinosanganisira chiedza chezuva, chiedza chinobva kumagirobhu emumba, zvichingodaro.
Chiedza chepolarized chakazara chine stable electromagnetic wave oscillation direction, uye zvikamu zviviri zvemunda wemagetsi zvine mutsauko wechikamu unogara uripo, uyo unosanganisira iwo ataurwa pamusoro apa linear polarized light, elliptically polarized light uye denderedzwa polarized chiedza.
Chiedza chepolarized chine zvikamu zviviri zvechiedza chechisikigo uye mwenje wepolarized, senge laser beam yatinowanzo shandisa, iyo isiri yakazara polarized mwenje kana isina-polarized mwenje, ipapo ndeye chidimbu mwenje mwenje. Kuti kuenzanise chikamu chechiedza chepolarized muhuwandu hwechiedza chechiedza, pfungwa yeDegree of Polarization (DOP) inotangwa, inova chiyero chepolarized light intensity kusvika kuhuwandu hwechiedza chechiedza, kubva ku0 kusvika ku1,0 kune unpolarized. chiedza, 1 chechiedza chakazara polarized. Pamusoro pezvo, linear polarization (DOLP) ireshiyo yelinearly polarized light intensity kusvika kune yakazara light intensity, nepo circular polarization (DOCP) iri reshiyo ye circularly polarized light intensity kusvika kune yakazara chiedza intensity. Muhupenyu, mwenje we LED unoburitsa zvishoma polarized mwenje.
2.4 Shanduko pakati penyika dzepolarization
Mazhinji optical elements ane mhedzisiro pane polarization yedanda, iyo dzimwe nguva inotarisirwa nemushandisi uye dzimwe nguva isingatarisirwe. Semuenzaniso, kana mwenje wechiedza ukaratidzirwa, polarization yaro inowanzo shanduka, kana iri yechiedza chechisikigo, inoratidzwa kuburikidza nepamusoro pemvura, inova zvishoma polarized mwenje.
Chero bedzi danda risingaratidzike kana kupfuura nechero polarizing svikiro, mamiriro ayo epolarization anoramba akagadzikana. Kana iwe uchida quantitatively kushandura polarization mamiriro edanda, unogona kushandisa polarization optical element kuita kudaro. Semuyenzaniso, quarter-wave plate chinhu chakajairwa polarization element, iyo inogadzirwa nebirefringent crystal material, yakakamurwa kuita fast axis uye inononoka axis madirections, uye inogona kunonoka chikamu cheπ/2 (90°) chemagetsi emunda wemagetsi parallel. kune inononoka axis, nepo electric field vector parallel to fast axis haina kunonoka, zvekuti kana linearly polarized light ikaitika pa quarter-wave plate pane polarization Angle ye45 degrees, The beam of light through the wave plate inova. circularly polarized light, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa. Chekutanga, mwenje wechisikigo unoshandurwa kuita mwenje wemutsara une mutsara wepolarizer, uyezve iwo mutsara wepolarized mwenje unopfuura nepakati pe 1/4 wavelength uye wova denderedzwa polarized mwenje, uye kusimba kwechiedza hakuchinji.
Saizvozvo, kana danda richifamba richienda kune rumwe rutivi uye denderedzwa polarized chiedza chinorova 1/4 ndiro pa 45 dhigirii polarization Angle, danda rinopfuura rinova mutsara polarized chiedza.
Linearly polarized light inogona kuchinjwa kuita unpolarized light nekushandisa kubatanidza bhora rataurwa munyaya yapfuura. Mushure mokunge chiedza chepolarized chiedza chapinda munharaunda yekubatanidza, inoratidzwa kakawanda munharaunda, uye kudengenyeka kwemunda wemagetsi kunovhiringidzwa, kuitira kuti kupera kwechikamu chekubatanidza kunogona kuwana chiedza chisina-polarized.
2.5 P mwenje, S mwenje uye Brewster Angle
Ose ari maviri P-mwenje uye S-chiedza ane mutsara polarized, polarized mune perpendicular nzira kune mumwe nemumwe, uye anobatsira kana uchifunga nezve kuratidzwa uye kudzokororwa kwedanda. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, chiedza chechiedza chinopenya pane chiitiko chechiitiko, chichigadzira kufungisisa uye refraction, uye ndege inoumbwa nechiitiko chechiitiko uye yakajairika inotsanangurwa se ndege yechiitiko. P mwenje (bhii rekutanga reParallel, zvichireva kuti parallel) mwenje une polarization gwara rakafanana nendege yezviitiko, uye S mwenje (bhii rekutanga reSenkrecht, zvichireva kuti yakatwasuka) ichiedza chine polarization yakanangana nendege yezviitiko.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kana mwenje wechisikigo uchiratidzwa uye uchidzokororwa pane dielectric interface, mwenje unotaridza uye mwenje wakadzoserwa une chikamu chepolarized mwenje, chete kana chiitiko cheAngle chiri chaiyo Angle, iyo polarization mamiriro echiedza chakaratidzwa anoenderana zvachose nechiitiko. ndege S polarization, iyo polarization mamiriro echiedza chakadzoserwa anenge akaenzana nechiitiko ndege P polarization, panguva ino chaiyo chiitiko Angle inonzi Brewster Angle. Kana chiedza chiri chiitiko paBrewster Angle, mwenje unotaridzwa uye mwenje wakadzoserwa zviri perpendicular kune imwe neimwe. Uchishandisa ichi chivakwa, linearly polarized light inogona kugadzirwa.
3 Mhedziso
Mubepa rino, tinosuma ruzivo rwekutanga rwe optical polarization, mwenje i electromagnetic wave, ine wave effect, polarization iko kuzunguzika kwemagetsi field vector mulight wave. Taunza matatu ekutanga polarization states, elliptic polarization, linear polarization uye circular polarization, iyo inowanzoshandiswa mubasa rezuva nezuva. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana dhigirii yepolarization, iyo mwenje sosi inogona kukamurwa kuita isiri-polarized mwenje, zvishoma polarized mwenje uye yakazara polarized mwenje, iyo inoda kusiyaniswa uye kusarura mukuita. Mukupindura pamusoro apa akawanda.
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