Surface Quality
Hunhu hwepamusoro hwenzvimbo yemaziso hunotsanangura chitarisiko chayo uye hunosanganisira kuremara kwakadai sekukwenya nemakomba, kana kuchera.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvirema zvepamusoro zvinongo shongedza uye hazvikonzerese mashandiro ehurongwa, zvisinei, zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kudiki mukubuda kwehurongwa uye kuwedzera kudiki kwechiedza chakapararira.Nekudaro, dzimwe nzvimbo, zvisinei, dzinonyanya kutarisisa kune izvi mhedzisiro senge: (1) nzvimbo pandege dzemifananidzo nekuti izvi zvinokanganisa zvinotariswa uye (2) nzvimbo dzinoona mazinga emagetsi epamusoro nekuti hurema uhwu hunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kunyumwa kwesimba uye kukuvara. iyo optic.Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa dhizaini inoshandiswa pamhando yepamusoro ndeyekukwenya-kuchera kutsanangurwa kunotsanangurwa neMIL-PRF-13830B.Madimikira ekukwenya anotarwa nekuenzanisa makwara ari pamusoro kune seti yezviyero zvakajairwa pasi pemamiriro emwenje anodzorwa.Naizvozvo iro zita rekukwenya haritsananguri kukwenya chaiko, asi rinozvienzanisa neyakajairwa kukwenya zvinoenderana neMIL-Spec.Mazita ekuchera, zvisinei, ane hukama zvakananga nekuchera, kana gomba diki riri pamusoro.Iyo dig design inoverengerwa padhayamita yekuchera mu microns yakakamurwa ne 10. Scratch-dig tsanangudzo ye80-50 inowanzoonekwa seyero yemhando, 60-40 chaiyo yemhando, uye 20-10 yakakwirira chaiyo mhando.
| Tafura 6: Kugadzira Kushivirira kweSurface Quality | |
| Hunhu hwepamusoro (scratch-dig) | Quality Grade |
| 80-50 | Typical |
| 60-40 | Precision |
| 40-20 | High Precision |
Surface Flatness
Surface flatness imhando yekumisikidzwa kwepamusoro inoyera kutsauka kwenzvimbo yakati sandara senge girazi, hwindo, prism, kana plano-lens.Kutsauswa uku kunogona kuyerwa uchishandisa optical flat, inova yemhando yepamusoro, yakanyatsojeka furati referefeta rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa kudzika kwechidimbu chebvunzo.Kana nzvimbo yakati sandara yetest optic ikaiswa pakatarisana neoptical flat, mipendero inoonekwa ine chimiro inoreva kupfakanyika kweiyo optic pasi pekuongororwa.Kana mipendero yakaganhurwa zvakaenzana, yakatwasuka, uye yakabatana, ipapo nzvimbo yemaziso iri pasi pekuyedzwa inokwana kunge yakati sandara sereferensi yeoptical flat.Kana mipendero yakakombama, huwandu hwemipendero pakati pemitsetse miviri yekufungidzira, imwe tangent kusvika pakati pemupendero uye imwe nepakati pemupendero mumwe chete iwoyo, inoratidza kukanganisa kwe flatness.Kutsauswa mukupfava kunowanzoyerwa muhukoshi hwemasaisai (λ), ayo ari kuwanda kwewavelength yenzvimbo yekuyedza.Mupendero mumwe unofambirana ne½ yewaisai, kureva, 1 λ yakaenzana ne2 mipendero.
| Tafura 7: Kugadzira Kushivirira kweFlatness | |
| Flatness | Quality Grade |
| 1λ | Typical |
| λ/4 | Precision |
| λ/10 | High Precision |
Simba
Simba imhando yekurongeka kwepamusoro, inoshanda kune yakakomberedzwa yemeso nzvimbo, kana nzvimbo ine simba.Icho chiyero chekumisikidza pamusoro peoptic uye chinosiyana kubva kune radius ye curvature pakuti inoshanda kune micro-scale kutsauka mu spherical chimiro che lens.semuenzaniso, funga radius ye curvature tolerance inotsanangurwa se 100 +/- 0.1mm, kana radius iyi yagadzirwa, yakakwenenzverwa uye kuyerwa, tinowana iyo chaiyo curvature kuve 99.95mm inowira mukati meyakatsanangurwa kushivirira kwemuchina.Muchiitiko ichi, tinoziva kuti kureba kwefocal kwakaruramawo sezvo takawana iyo chaiyo spherical shape.Asi nekuda kwekuti radius uye kureba kwakaringana kwakaringana, hazvireve kuti lenzi ichaita sezvakagadzirwa.Naizvozvo hazvina kukwana kungotsanangura radius ye curvature asiwo kuwirirana kwe curvature - uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo simba rakagadzirirwa kutonga.Zvekare uchishandisa iwowo 99.95mm radius yataurwa pamusoro, chiremba wemaziso angashuve kuenderera mberi nekudzora huchokwadi hwechiedza chakadzorwa nekudzikamisa simba ku ≤ 1 λ.Izvi zvinoreva kuti pamusoro pehupamhi hwese, hapagone kuve nekutsauka kukuru kupfuura 632.8nm (1λ = 632.8nm) mukuenderana kwechimiro chedenderedzwa.Kuwedzera iyi yakanyanya kuomesesa nhanho yekutonga kune iyo yepamusoro fomu kunobatsira mukuita chokwadi chekuti mwenje mwenje kune rimwe divi re lens haidzokerike zvakasiyana pane iri kune rimwe divi.Sezvo chinangwa chingave chekuwana chinongedzo chechiedza chechiitiko chese, iyo ikanyanya kuenderana chimiro, iyo chiedza chakanyanya kuita kana ichipfuura nemu lenzi.
Vanachiremba vemaziso vanotsanangura kukanganisa kwesimba maererano nemafungu kana mipendero uye vanoiyera vachishandisa interferometer.Inoedzwa nefashoni yakafanana nekudzika, pakuti nzvimbo yakakombama inofananidzwa nepamusoro penzvimbo ine redhiyo yakakwenenzverwa yeku curvature.Uchishandisa iyo imwechete musimboti wekupindira kunokonzerwa nemhepo mikaha pakati pezviviri izvi, iyo yekukanganisa maitiro emipendero inoshandiswa kutsanangura kutsauka kweiyo bvunzo nzvimbo kubva kune referensi nzvimbo (Mufananidzo 11).Kutsauka kubva pareferensi chidimbu kuchagadzira nhevedzano yemhete, inozivikanwa seNewton's Rings.Iyo yakawanda mhete iripo, iyo yakakura kutsauka.Huwandu hwemhete dzerima kana dzakareruka, kwete huwandu hwezvose chiedza nerima, inofambirana nekaviri nhamba yemasaisai ekukanganisa.
Mufananidzo 11: Kukanganisa kwesimba kwakaedzwa nekuenzanisa nereferensi yepamusoro kana kushandisa interferometer
Kukanganisa kwesimba kune hukama nekanganiso muradius yeku curvature neinotevera equation apo ∆R iri chikanganiso cheradius, D idhayamita yelenzi, R ndiyo nzvimbo yepasi, uye λ ndiyo yavelength (kazhinji 632.8nm):
Kukanganisa Kwesimba [mafungu kana λ] = ∆R D²/8R²λ
Mufananidzo 12: Simba Kanganiso pamusoro peDiamater vs Radius Kanganiso paCentre
Irregularity
Irregularity inotora mucherechedzo misiyano midiki pane imwe nzvimbo yemaziso.Sesimba, inoyerwa maererano nemasaisai kana mipendero uye inoratidzirwa uchishandisa interferometer.Sezvineiwo, zviri nyore kufunga nezvekusarongeka sechirevo chinotsanangudza kuti yakatsvedzerera sei nzvimbo yemaziso inofanira kunge yakaita.Nepo nhongonya nemipata yakayerwa pane imwe nzvimbo yemaziso inogona kunyatsoenderana munzvimbo imwe, chikamu chakasiyana cheoptic chinogona kuratidza kutsauka kwakakura.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chiedza chinodzorwa nelenzi chinogona kuita zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti chinorambirwa kupi.Irregularity saka chinhu chakakosha chekufungisisa paunenge uchigadzira lenzi.Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza kuti iyi fomu repamusoro rakatsauka sei kubva kune yakanyatso denderedzwa rinogona kuratidzwa uchishandisa irregularity PV yakatarwa.
Mufananidzo 13: Irregularity PV Measurement
Irregularity (Irregularity in English) imhando yetsanangudzo yerunyoro inotsanangura kuti chimiro chepamusoro chinotsauka sei kubva pachimiro chenzvimbo yereferensi.Inowanikwa kubva pachiyero chakafanana sesimba.Regularity inoreva sphericity yemipendero yedenderedzwa inoumbwa kubva pakuenzaniswa kweyekuedzwa kumusoro kune referensi nzvimbo.Kana simba repamusoro richipfuura 5 fringes, zvakaoma kuona zvisizvo zvidiki zvisingasviki 1 fringe.Naizvozvo zvakajairika kudoma nzvimbo dzine reshiyo yesimba kune isingaenzaniswi inosvika 5:1.
Mufananidzo 14: Flatness vs Simba vs Irregularity
RMS Mavhesi PV Simba uye Irregularity
Pakukurukura nezvesimba uye kusarongeka, zvakakosha kuona nzira mbiri dzingatsanangurwa nadzo.Chekutanga kukosha kwakakwana.Semuenzaniso, kana optic ichitsanangurwa seine 1 wave irregularity, hapagone kuve nemusiyano unopfuura 1 wave pakati penzvimbo yepamusoro uye yakaderera pane yemaziso kana peak-to-valley (PV).Yechipiri nzira ndeyekutsanangura simba kana kusarongeka se1 wave RMS (mudzi unoreva squared) kana avhareji.Mukududzirwa uku, nzvimbo yemaziso inotsanangurwa se 1 wave RMS isingaenzaniswi inogona, chaizvoizvo, ine nhongonya nemipata iyo iri kudarika 1 wave, zvisinei, kana uchiongorora nzvimbo yakazara, chiyero chese chisingaiti chinofanira kuwira mukati me1 wave.
Zvese mune zvese, RMS nePV ese ari maviri nzira dzekutsanangura kuti chimiro chechinhu chinoenderana sei neyakagadzirwa curvature, inonzi "chimiro chepamusoro" uye "kushata kwepamusoro," zvichiteerana.Iwo ese ari maviri akaverengerwa kubva kune imwechete data, senge interferometer kuyerwa, asi zvirevo zvakasiyana chaizvo.PV yakanaka pakupa "yakaipisisa-chiitiko-chiitiko" chepamusoro;RMS inzira yekutsanangura avhareji yekutsauka kwechimiro chepamusoro kubva pane inodiwa kana referensi nzvimbo.RMS yakanakira kutsanangura kusiyanisa kwepasi rose.Hapana hukama huri nyore pakati pePV neRMS.Zvisineyi semutemo wenguva dzose, kukosha kweRMS kunosvika 0.2 seyakaomesesa sekukosha kusiri kweavhareji kana ichienzaniswa neparutivi, kureva kuti 0.1 wave irregular PV yakaenzana neinenge 0.5 wave RMS.
Surface Finish
Kupera kwepamusoro, kunozivikanwawo sekuti kukwasharara kwepasi, kunoyera zvisizvo zvidiki pane pamusoro.Vanowanzova zvinosuruvarisa ne-chigadzirwa chekugadzirisa nzira uye rudzi rwezvinhu.Kunyangwe kana iyo optic ichionekwa yakatsetseka zvine kakukanganisika pamusoro pepamusoro, painotariswa pedyo-pedyo, chaiyo microscope bvunzo inogona kuratidza yakakura mutsauko mukuumbwa kwepamusoro.Kufananidzira kwakanaka kwechigadzirwa ichi kuenzanisa kushata kwepasi kune sandpaper grit.Nepo saizi yakanakisa yegrit inogona kunzwa yakatsetseka uye yakajairwa pakubata, iyo yepamusoro inoumbwa nepamusoro pezvisingaonekwi uye mipata inotarwa nehukuru hwechimiro chegrit pachayo.Panyaya ye optics, iyo "grit" inogona kufungidzirwa sezvisina kuchena zvishoma mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nemhando yepolish.Nzvimbo dzakakasharara dzinowanzopfeka nekukurumidza kupfuura nzvimbo dzakatsetseka uye dzinogona kunge dzisiri dzakakodzera kune mamwe maapplication, kunyanya ayo ane lasers kana kupisa kwakanyanya, nekuda kwezvingangoita nucleation nzvimbo dzinogona kuoneka mudiki makatsemuka kana kusakwana.
Kusiyana nesimba uye kusarongeka, izvo zvinoyerwa mumasaisai kana zvidimbu zvesaisai, kushata kwepamusoro, nekuda kwekunyanya kutarisisa kwepedyo pamusoro pemasikirwo epamusoro, inoyerwa pachiyero cheangstroms uye nguva dzose maererano neRMS.Kuenzanisa, zvinotora gumi angstroms kuenzana nanometer imwe uye 632.8 nanometers kuenzana nesaisai rimwe.
Mufananidzo 15: Surface Roughness RMS Measurement
| Tafura 8: Kugadzira kushivirira kweSurface Finish | |
| Kushata Kwepamusoro (RMS) | Quality Grade |
| 50Å | Typical |
| 20Å | Precision |
| 5Å | High Precision |
Transmitted Wavefront Error
Transmitted wavefront error (TWE) inoshandiswa kukwanirisa kuita kwezvinhu zvemaziso sezvo mwenje uchipfuura.Kusiyana nezviyero zvechimiro chepamusoro, zviyero zvinopfuudzwa zvewavefront zvinosanganisira zvikanganiso kubva kumberi nekumashure kwepamusoro, wedge, uye homogeneity yezvinhu.Iyi metric yekuita kwese kunopa kunzwisisa kuri nani kweiyo optic's real-world performance.
Nepo zvinhu zvakawanda zvemaziso zvichiyedzwa mumwe nemumwe kune fomu repamusoro kana TWE zvakatemwa, izvi zvikamu zvinongovakwa muzvikamu zvakaomarara zvemaziso zvine mashandiro ezvazvinoda.Mune mamwe maapplication zvinotenderwa kuvimba nezviyero zvechikamu uye kushivirira kufanotaura kwekupedzisira kuita, asi kune zvakanyanya kudiwa zvikumbiro zvakakosha kuyera gungano se-yakavakwa.
TWE zviyero zvinoshandiswa kusimbisa optical system yakavakirwa kune yakatarwa uye ichaita sezvaitarisirwa.Pamusoro pezvo, zviyero zveTWE zvinogona kushandiswa kushingaira kuenzanisa masisitimu, kudzikira nguva yegungano, uku uchiona kuti mashandiro anotarisirwa anowanikwa.
Paralight Optics inosanganisa-ye-the-art CNC magrinder uye polishers, ese ari akajairwa spherical maumbirwo, pamwe ne, aspheric uye yemahara-fomu contours.Kushandisa iyo yepamusoro metrology inosanganisira Zygo interferometers, profilometers, TriOptics Opticentric, TriOptics OptiSpheric, nezvimwewo kune ese ari-mu-process metrology uye yekupedzisira kuongorora, pamwe nemakore edu eruzivo mukugadzira optical & coating inotibvumira kubata zvimwe zvakaomarara uye high-performing optics kusangana neinodiwa optical yakatarwa kubva kune vatengi.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama, ndapota tarisa yedu catalog optics kana zvigadzirwa zvinoratidzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-26-2023