Dulmar
Polarization optics ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu beddelo xaaladda shucaaca shilka. Mashruucyada indha-indhaynta indhahayaga waxa ka mid ah polarizers, taarikada hirarka/dib-u-dhigeyaasha, depolarizers, rotators faraday, iyo go'doominta indhaha ee dusha sare ee UV, muuqda, ama IR spectral.
1064 nm Faraday Rotator
Go'doominta-Free-Space
Awood sare oo Nd-YAG Polarizer
Naqshadaynta indhaha waxay had iyo jeer diiradda saartaa hirarka dhererka iyo xoogga iftiinka, iyada oo la dayacay dabaysha. Polarization, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa hantida muhiimka ah ee iftiinka sida hirarka. Iftiinku waa mawjadda korantada, oo goobta korantada ee mawjadani waxay si toos ah u rogmanaysaa jihada faafinta. Gobolka Polarization wuxuu qeexayaa hanuuninta mowjadda hirarka ee la xiriirta jihada faafinta. Iftiinka waxa loo yaqaan unpolarized haddii jihada saaxadda korontadu ay si aan kala sooc lahayn u beddesho wakhtiga. Haddii jihada korantada iftiinka si fiican loo qeexo, waxaa loo yaqaannaa iftiinka. Ilaha ugu caansan ee iftiinka dabaylaha waa laser. Iyada oo ku xidhan sida goobta korantadu u jihaysan tahay, waxaanu u kala saarnaa iftiinka dabaylaha saddex nooc oo kala duwan:
★Linear polarization: oscillation and propagation waxay ku jiraan hal diyaarad.Thebeer koronto oo iftiin toosan ah cku adkaysta laba toosan, siman baaxad ahaan, toosan qaybo aan lahayn farqi wejiga.Meesha koronto ee natiijadu waxay ku kooban tahay hal diyaarad oo ku socota jihada faafinta.
Kala-soocidda goobabaha: hanuuninta iftiinka ayaa isbedeleysa waqti ka dib qaab qurux badan. Beerta korontada ee iftiinku waxa ay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood oo toosan oo midba midka kale toosan yahay, oo siman baaxad ahaan, balse leh farqi weji oo ah π/2. Meesha koronto ee natiijadu waxay ku wareegtaa goobaabin ku wareegsan jihada faafinta.
★Elliptical polarization: beerta korantada ee iftiinka elliptically polarized waxay qeexaysaa ellipse, marka la barbar dhigo goobada polarization wareeg ah. Dhulkan korontadu waxa loo tixgalin karaa inuu yahay isku-darka laba qaybood oo toosan oo leh ballacyo kala duwan iyo/ama farqi waji oo aan ahayn π/2. Tani waa sharraxaadda ugu guud ee iftiinka dabaylaha, iyo iftiinka wareegtada iyo toosan waxaa loo arki karaa xaalado gaar ah oo iftiinka elliptically polarized ah.
Labada dawladood ee toosan ee toosan ayaa badanaa loo yaqaan "S" iyo "P",waxaywaxaa lagu qeexay jihayntooda qaraabo ee diyaaradda dhacdada.Nalka P-polarizedWaxa is barbar socda diyaaraddan “P”, halka iftiinka s-polarized ee leh dhul koronto oo toosan diyaaraddan uu yahay “S”.Polarizerswaa curiyayaasha indhaha ee muhiimka ah ee lagu xakameynayo polarization kaaga, gudbinaya xaalad polarization-ka la rabo iyadoo la milicsanayo, nuugayo ama ka weecanayo inta soo hartay. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan oo polarizer ah, mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin iyo faa'iido darrooyinkiisa. Si lagaaga caawiyo inaad doorato polarizer-ka ugu fiican codsigaaga, waxaanu ka wada hadli doonaa qeexida polarizers iyo sidoo kale hagaha xulashada polarizers.
P iyo S. waxaa lagu qeexay jihayntooda qaraabo ee diyaaradda dhacdada
Tilmaamaha Polarizer
Polarizers waxaa lagu qeexay dhowr cabbir oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo qaarkood ay gaar u yihiin muraayadaha indhaha. Halbeegyada ugu muhiimsan waa:
⊙Gudbinta: Qiimahani waxa uu loola jeedaa gudbinta iftiinka toosan ee ku socda jihada dhidibka polarization-ka, ama gudbinta iftiinka aan cidhiidhiga ahayn iyada oo loo marayo polarizer-ka. Gudbinta isbarbar yaaca waa gudbinta nalka aan dabaylaha ahayn iyada oo loo marayo laba polarizers oo leh faashashooyinkooda polarization-ka oo is barbar socda, halka gudbinta isdhaafsan ay tahay gudbinta iftiinka aan dabaylaha ahayn iyada oo la adeegsanayo laba polarizers iyada oo faashashkooda polarization ay ka gudbeen. Si aad u hesho polarizers ku habboon gudbinta iftiinka toosan ee siman ee barbar socda dhidibka polarization waa 100%, gudbinta barbar-dhiggu waa 50% gudbinta ka gudubtayna waa 0%. Iftiinka aan cidhiidhiga ahayn waxaa loo tixgelin karaa isku-dhafka random ee degdega ah ee kala duwan ee p- iyo iftiinka s-polarized. Polarizer toosan oo qumman ayaa kaliya gudbin doona mid ka mid ah labada polarizations toosan, isaga oo yareynaya xoojinta bilowga ah ee aan cidhiidhiga ahayn.0kala badh, ie,I=I0/2,sidaas awgeed gudbinta isbarbar-dhigga ah (loogu talagalay iftiinka aan dabaylaha ahayn) waa 50%. Iftiin toosan leh oo xoog leh I0, xoojinta lagu kala qaado iyada oo loo marayo polarizer ku habboon, I, waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sharciga Malus, ie,I=I0cos2Øhalka θ ay tahay xagasha u dhaxaysa shilka toosan ee polarization iyo dhidibka polarization. Waxaan aragnaa in faashashyada isbarbar-dhigga ah, 100% gudbinta la gaaro, halka 90 ° faashas, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno polarizers, ay jirto 0% gudbinta, markaa gudbinta isdhaafka ah waa 0%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee codsiyada dhabta ah ee gudbintu weligeed ma noqon karto 0%, sidaas darteed, polarizers waxaa lagu gartaa saamiga baabi'inta sida hoos lagu sharaxay, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu go'aamiyo gudbinta dhabta ah iyada oo loo marayo laba polarizers.
⊙Saamiga Dabar goynta iyo Degree of Polarization: Sifooyinka kala-soocida ee dabaylaha toosan waxa sida caadiga ah lagu qeexaa heerka polarization ama hufnaanta polarization, ie, P=(T)1-T2)/(T1+T2) iyo saamigeeda dabar goynta, ie, ρp=T2/T1halka gudbinta ugu muhiimsan ee iftiinka toosan ee laydhka ah ee loo maro polarizer ay yihiin T1 iyo T2. T1 waa gudbinta ugu badan ee dhexmarta polarizer-ka waxayna dhacdaa marka dhidibka gudbinta polarizer-ku uu barbar socdo polarization-ka dhacdada laydhka toosan; T2 waa gudbinta ugu yar ee dhexmarta polarizer-ka waxayna dhacdaa marka dhidibka gudbinta polarizer-ku uu yahay mid toosan xagga polarization-ka dhacdada laydhka toosan.
Waxqabadka dabar-goynta ee polarizer-ka toosan waxa inta badan lagu muujiyaa sida 1/ρp: 1. Halbeeggani waxa uu u dhexeeyaa in ka yar 100:1 (macnaheedu waxa weeye in aad 100 jeer ka badan gudbinta iftiinka P-Polarized Light) ee xaashida dhaqaalaha ilaa 106: 1 loogu talagalay polarizers crystalline birefringent tayo sare leh. Saamiga dabar goynta ayaa caadi ahaan ku kala duwan mowjadda dhererka iyo xagasha dhacdada waana in lagu qiimeeyaa iyada oo ay la socoto arrimo kale sida qiimaha, cabbirka, iyo gudbinta kala-soocidda ee codsiga la bixiyay. Marka lagu daro saamiga baabi'inta, waxaan cabbiri karnaa waxqabadka polarizer anagoo tilmaamayna waxtarka. Heerka waxtarka polarization-ka waxaa loo yaqaan 'contrast', saamigan waxaa badanaa la isticmaalaa marka la tixgelinayo codsiyada iftiinka hooseeya halkaasoo khasaaraha xooggani uu muhiim yahay.
⊙Xagasha aqbalaadda: xagasha aqbalku waa ka leexashada ugu wayn ee xagal dhacdooyinka naqshadaynta kaas oo polarizer-gu uu wali ku samayn doono sifada. Inta badan polarizers waxaa loo qaabeeyey inay ku shaqeeyaan xagal dhacdo oo ah 0° ama 45°, ama xagasha Brewster. Xagasha aqbalku waxay muhiim u tahay toosinta laakiin waxay leedahay muhiimad gaar ah marka la shaqaynayo alwaaxyo aan isku duubnayn. Shabakadda siliga iyo polarizer-yada dichroic waxay leeyihiin xaglaha aqbalida ugu weyn, ilaa xagal aqbalaad buuxda oo ku dhow 90°.
⊙Dhismaha: Polarizers waxay ku yimaadaan qaabab iyo naqshado badan. Polarizers filimada khafiifka ah waa filim khafiif ah oo la mid ah filtarrada indhaha. Biamsplitters saxan dabaylaha ah waa dhuuban, taarikada fidsan oo lagu dhejiyay xagal togagga. Alwaaxyada cube-ga ah ee dabaylaha ah waxay ka kooban yihiin laba geesood oo xagal toosan ah oo lagu dhejiyay hypotenuse.
Polarizers Birefringent wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba prisms crystalline oo la isku dhejiyay, halkaasoo xagasha prisms-ka lagu go'aamiyo naqshadda polarizer-ka gaarka ah.
⊙Daloolin cad: Daloolin cad ayaa caadi ahaan ugu xaddidan polarizers-ka birefringent maadaama helitaanka kiristaalo saafi ah oo indho-sarcaad ah ay xaddidayso cabbirka polarizers-kan. Polarizer-yada Dichroic waxay leeyihiin daloolo cad oo la heli karo oo ugu weyn maadaama ay soo saaristoodu isku daydo cabbirro waaweyn.
⊙Dhererka jidka indhaha: iftiinka dhererka waa inuu dhex maraa polarizer-ka. Muhiim u ah kala firdhinta, marinnada waxyeellada, iyo xannibaadaha bannaan, dhererka dariiqyada indhaha ayaa wax weyn ku yeelan kara polarizer-yada kala-soocida laakiin badanaa way gaaban yihiin polarizer-yada dichroic.
⊙Xadka waxyeelada: Xadka waxyeelada laysarka waxaa go'aamiya shayga la isticmaalo iyo sidoo kale nashqada polarizer-ka, oo leh polarizers birefringent sida caadiga ah leh heerka ugu sareeya ee waxyeelada. Sibidhku inta badan waa cunsurka ugu nugul waxyeelada laysarka, waana sababta si toos ah loola xidhiidho alwaaxyada laydhka ah ama polarizers-ka hawada kala fogeeya ay leeyihiin heerar waxyeelo badan.
Hagaha Xulashada Polarizer
Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo polarizers ah oo ay ku jiraan dichroic, cube, silig grid, iyo crystalline. Ma jiro nooc polarizer ah oo ku habboon codsi kasta, mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay awooddiisa gaarka ah iyo daciifnimada.
Dichroic Polarizers waxay gudbiyaan xaalad polarization gaar ah iyagoo xannibaya dhammaan kuwa kale. Dhismaha caadiga ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay hal lakab oo dahaarka leh ama filim dichroic polymer ah, oo la dubay laba saxan oo galaas ah. Marka laydhka dabiiciga ah uu ku gudbiyo walxaha dichroic, mid ka mid ah qaybta polarization orthogonal ee laydhka ayaa si xoog leh u nuugaya kan kalena wuxuu la baxaa nuugista daciifka ah. Markaa, xaashida xaashida dichroic waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in loogu beddelo laydhka dabaylaha ah ee aan kala sooc lahayn loona beddelo laydh toosan. Marka la barbardhigo prisms polarizing, xaashida dichroic polarizer waxay bixisaa cabbir aad u weyn iyo xagal la aqbali karo. Iyadoo aad arki doonto baabi'inta sare ee qiimaha qiimaha, dhismuhu wuxuu xaddidayaa isticmaalka laydhka sare ama heerkulka sare. Polarizers-ka Dichroic waxaa lagu heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan, oo u dhexeeya filim la dahaadhay oo qiimo jaban ilaa polarizer-yada kala duwan ee saxda ah.
Polarizer-yada Dichroic waxay nuugaan xaaladda polarization-ka ee aan la rabin
Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters waxa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo la isku xidhayo laba xagal qumman oo leh hypotenuse dahaarka leh. Daahan dahaarka ah ayaa sida caadiga ah loo dhisay lakabyo beddelan oo ah qalab index sare iyo hoose ah oo ka tarjumaya iftiinka S polarized oo gudbiya P. Natiijadu waa laba alwaaxyo orthogonal oo qaab ah oo fudud in la dhejiyo lana toosiyo. Dahaarka dahaarka ah waxay caadi ahaan u adkeysan karaan cufnaanta awoodda sare, si kastaba ha ahaatee koollada loo isticmaalo sibidhka xabadaha way fashilmi karaan. Habkan fashilka waxa lagu baabi'in karaa iyada oo si indho la'aan ah loola xidhiidho. In kasta oo aan sida caadiga ah u aragno isbarbardhigga sare ee iftiinka la kala qaado, farqiga muuqda ayaa inta badan hooseeya.
Xadhkaha xadhkaha goostay waxa ay ka kooban yihiin fiilooyin yar-yar oo kala duwan oo ka samaysan substrate dhalada kaas oo si xushmad leh u gudbiya iftiinka P-Polarized oo ka tarjumaya iftiinka S-Polarized. Dabeecadda makaanikada awgeed, polarizers-ka siliga siligga waxa uu ka kooban yahay band dhererkiisu xaddidan yahay oo keliya gudbinta substrate-ka taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada ballaadhan ee u baahan kala soocida isbarbardhigga sare.
Polarization si toos ah fiilooyinka biraha ah waa la kala qaadaa
Polarizer Crystalline waxa ay gudbisaa polarization la doonayo oo ka leexiya inta soo hartay iyaga oo isticmaalaya sifooyinka kala duwan ee alaabtooda crystalline
Polarizers-ka kristalinka ah ayaa ka faa'iideysta sifooyinka birefringent ee substrate-ka si ay u beddelaan xaaladda polarization ee iftiinka soo socda. Alaabta birefrantu waxay leeyihiin tusmooyin kala duwan oo dib u soo celinta iftiinka iftiinka ee jihooyin kala duwan taasoo keenaysa in dawladaha kala duwani ay ku dhex maraan walxaha xawaare kala duwan.
Wollaston polarizers waa nooc ka mid ah polarizers crystalline oo ka kooban laba xagal midig oo birefringent ah oo la isku daray, si faasaskooda indhaha ay u siman yihiin. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerka dhaawaca sare ee polarizers crystalline ka dhigaya iyaga ku habboon codsiyada laysarka.
Wollaston Polarizer
Paralight Optics' safka ballaaran ee polarizers waxaa ka mid ah Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, Performance High Two Channel PBS, Power High Power Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters, 56° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, 45° Polarizing Plate Beamsplitters, Dichroic Sheet Polarizers, Nanoparticles Taylor Polarizers, Glan Laser Polarizers, Glan Thompson Polarizers, Wollaston Polarizers, Rochon Polarizers)
Polarizers Line Laser
Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan polarization optics ama hel xigasho, fadlan nala soo xiriir.
