1 I-polarization yokukhanya
Ukukhanya kuneempawu ezintathu ezisisiseko, ezizezi, ubude bamaza, ubunzulu kunye nepolarization. I-wavelength yokukhanya kulula ukuyiqonda, ukuthatha ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuqhelekileyo njengomzekelo, uluhlu lwe-wavelength yi-380 ~ 780nm. Ubunzulu bokukhanya bukwalula ukubuqonda, kwaye nokuba umtha wokukhanya unamandla okanye ubuthathaka unokubonakaliswa ngobukhulu bamandla. Ngokwahlukileyo, uphawu lwe-polarization yokukhanya yinkcazo yendlela yokungcangcazela ye-vector yentsimi yombane yokukhanya, engenakubonwa kwaye ichukunyiswe, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo akulula ukuyiqonda, nangona kunjalo, enyanisweni, uphawu lwe-polarization lokukhanya. nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ebomini, ezifana nomboniso wekristale yolwelo esiyibona yonke imihla, itekhnoloji yepolarization isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa umboniso wombala kunye nohlengahlengiso oluchaseneyo. Xa ubukele iimuvi ze-3D kwi-cinema, iiglasi ze-3D zikwasetyenziswa kwi-polarization yokukhanya. Kulabo babandakanyeka kumsebenzi we-optical, ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwe-polarization kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ekukhuthazeni impumelelo yeemveliso kunye neeprojekthi. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, siya kusebenzisa inkcazo elula ukuzisa i-polarization yokukhanya, ukuze wonke umntu abe nokuqonda okunzulu kwe-polarization, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle emsebenzini.
2 Ulwazi olusisiseko lwepolarization
Ngenxa yokuba zininzi iikhonsepthi ezibandakanyekayo, siyakuzohlula zibe zizishwankathelo ezininzi ukuze sibazise inyathelo nenyathelo.
2.1 Ingcamango yepolarization
Siyazi ukuba ukukhanya luhlobo lwe-electromagnetic wave, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo, i-electromagnetic wave iqulethe intsimi yombane u-E kunye ne-magnetic field B, ejongene ne-perpendicular. La maza mabini ajikeleza kumacala awo kwaye asasazeke ngokuthe tye kwicala losasazo elingu-Z.
Ngenxa yokuba intsimi yombane kunye nentsimi yamagnetic i-perpendicular omnye komnye, isigaba siyafana, kwaye isalathiso sokusasaza siyafana, ngoko ke i-polarization yokukhanya ichazwa ngokuhlalutya ukungcangcazela kwendawo yombane ekusebenzeni.
Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi, i-vector ye-electric field vector E inokuchithwa kwi-Ex vector kunye ne-Ey vector, kwaye into ebizwa ngokuba yi-polarization kukusasazwa kolwalathiso lwe-oscillation yamacandelo ombane e-Ex kunye ne-Ey ngexesha kunye nendawo.
2.2 Amazwe amaninzi asisiseko sepolarization
A. I-elliptic polarization
I-elliptical polarization sesona siseko sobume bepolarization, apho amacandelo amabini ebala lombane anomahluko wesigaba esingaguqukiyo (enye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, enye isasazeka kancinci), kwaye umahluko wesigaba awulingani nenani elipheleleyo lokuphindaphinda ka π/2, kwaye i-amplitude inako. zifane okanye zahluke. Ukuba ujonga kwicala losasazo, umgca wecontour we-endpoint trajectory ye-vector yendawo yombane uya kuzoba iellipse, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
B, i-polarization yomgca
I-linear polarization luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-elliptic polarization, xa amacandelo amabini entsimi yombane ingengomehluko wesigaba, i-vector yentsimi yombane i-oscillates kwinqwelo-moya enye, ukuba ijongwe ecaleni kwendlela yosasazo, i-ventory field vector endpoint endpoint trajectory contour ngumgca othe tye. . Ukuba amacandelo amabini ane-amplitude efanayo, le yi-45 degree linear polarization eboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi.
C, i-polarization ejikelezayo
I-circular polarization nayo iyindlela ekhethekileyo ye-elliptical polarization, xa amacandelo amabini ombane anomlinganiselo wesigaba se-90 kunye ne-amplitude efanayo, ecaleni kwendlela yokusabalalisa, i-endpoint trajectory ye-vector field yombane isangqa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi umfanekiso olandelayo:
2.3 Ukuhlelwa kwepolarization yomthombo wokukhanya
Ukukhanya okuphuma ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo wokukhanya oqhelekileyo yiseti engaqhelekanga yokukhanya okungabalekiyo kwepolarized, ngoko ke akunakufunyaniswa ukuba ubungakanani bokukhanya bucakele kweliphi icala xa bujongwa ngokuthe ngqo. Olu hlobo lwamaza okukhanya ashukumayo kuwo onke amacala kuthiwa kukukhanya kwendalo, lunotshintsho olungacwangciswanga lwemeko yepolarization kunye nokwahluka kwesigaba, kubandakanya zonke izikhokelo zokungcangcazela ezinokwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo kwicala losasazo lwamaza okukhanya, alubonisi polarization, yeye ukukhanya non-polarized. Ukukhanya kwendalo okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukukhanya kwelanga, ukukhanya okuvela kwiibhalbhu zasekhaya, njalo njalo.
Ukukhanya okupheleleyo kwe-polarized kunendlela ezinzileyo ye-electromagnetic wave oscillation, kwaye amacandelo amabini ombane anomahluko wesigaba esingaguqukiyo, esibandakanya ukukhanya okukhankanyiweyo okukhankanyiweyo ngasentla, ukukhanya kwe-elliptically polarized kunye nokukhanya okujikelezayo okujikelezayo.
Ukukhanya okungaphelelanga kwepolarized kunamacandelo amabini okukhanya kwendalo kunye nokukhanya kwepolarized, okufana ne-laser beam esihlala siyisebenzisa, engekuko ukukhanya okupheleleyo okanye ukukhanya okungekho polarized, emva koko ikukukhanya kwe-polarized. Ukuze kulinganiswe umlinganiselo wokukhanya kwepolarized intensity light intensity, ingqikelelo yeDegree of Polarization (DOP) yaziswa, engumlinganiselo wokukhanya kwepolarized light intensity to total light intensity, ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-1,0 ye-unpolarized ukukhanya, i-1 yokukhanya okupheleleyo. Ukongeza, i-linear polarization (DOLP) yireyishini yokukhanya kokukhanya kwe-linearly polarized to total intensity, ngelixa i-circular polarization (DOCP) ngumlinganiselo we-circularly polarized light intensity ukuya kwi-total intensity yokukhanya. Ebomini, izibane ze-LED eziqhelekileyo zikhupha ukukhanya kwe-polarized.
2.4 Uguqulo phakathi kwamazwe epolarization
Izinto ezininzi ze-optical zinefuthe kwi-polarization yomqadi, okulindeleke ngamanye amaxesha ngumsebenzisi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akulindelekanga. Umzekelo, ukuba ukukhanya kubonakalisiwe, i-polarization yayo iya kutshintsha rhoqo, kwimeko yokukhanya kwendalo, okubonakaliswa kumphezulu wamanzi, kuya kuba kukukhanya kwepolarized.
Ngethuba nje umqadi ungabonakaliswa okanye udlula kuyo nayiphi na i-polarizing medium, i-polarization state yayo ihlala izinzile. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ngokobungakanani ubume bepolarization bomqadi, ungasebenzisa i-polarization optical element ukwenza njalo. Umzekelo, ipleyiti yekota yinto eqhelekileyo yepolarization, eyenziwe ngezinto zekristale ezibirefringent, ezahlulwe zibe yi-axis ekhawulezayo kunye nezalathiso ezicothayo ze-axis, kwaye zinokulibazisa isigaba se-π/2 (90°) sendawo yombane yevector parallel. ukuya kwi-axis ecothayo, ngelixa i-vector yentsimi yombane ihambelana ne-axis ekhawulezayo ayinakulibaziseka, ukuze xa ukukhanya kwe-linearly polarized isiganeko kwi-quarter-wave plate kwi-Angle ye-polarization ye-degrees ezingama-45, I-beam yokukhanya ngokusebenzisa i-wave plate iba. ukukhanya okujikelezayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kwendalo kuyatshintshwa kube kukukhanya kwe-polarized linearly kunye ne-polarizer yomgca, kwaye ukukhanya kwe-linearly polarized kudlula kwi-1/4 ye-wavelength kwaye ibe yi-circularly polarized light, kunye nokukhanya kokukhanya akutshintshanga.
Ngokufanayo, xa umqadi uhamba kwicala elichaseneyo kunye nokukhanya okujikelezayo okujikelezayo kubetha i-1/4 plate kwi-45 degree polarization Angle, umqadi odlulayo uba kukukhanya kwe-polarized linearly.
Ukukhanya kwe-linearly polarized kungatshintshwa kukukhanya okungabonakaliyo ngokusebenzisa i-sphere edibanisayo ekhankanywe kwinqaku elidlulileyo. Emva kokuba ukukhanya kwe-linearly polarized kungena kwi-sphere yokudibanisa, ibonakaliswe ngamaxesha amaninzi kwi-sphere, kwaye i-vibration yentsimi yombane iphazamisekile, ukwenzela ukuba isiphelo se-output sphere ye-sphere edibanisayo sinokufumana ukukhanya okungekho-polarized.
2.5 P ukukhanya, S ukukhanya kunye Brewster Engile
Zombini i-P-light kunye ne-S-light zi-polarized, zi-polarized kwi-perpendicular directions ukuya kwenye, kwaye ziluncedo xa kuqwalaselwa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuchaswa kwe-beam. Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi, i-beam yokukhanya ikhanyisa kwi-plane yesiganeko, yenza i-refraction kunye ne-refraction, kunye nendiza eyenziwe yi-beam yesiganeko kunye nesiqhelo sichazwa njenge-plane yesiganeko. Ukukhanya kwe-P (unobumba wokuqala we-Parallel, intsingiselo ehambelanayo) kukukhanya olwalathiso lwe-polarization luhambelana ne-plane yesiganeko, kunye nokukhanya kwe-S (unobumba wokuqala we-Senkrecht, intsingiselo ethe nkqo) kukukhanya olwalathiso lwe-polarization luxhomekeke kwindiza yezehlo.
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, xa ukukhanya kwendalo kubonakaliswe kwaye kuhlanjululwe kwi-interface ye-dielectric, ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okuhlanjululwayo kukukhanya kwe-polarized ngokuyinxenye, kuphela xa i-Angle yesiganeko iyi-Angle ethile, imeko ye-polarization yokukhanya okubonakalisiweyo ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nesiganeko. Indiza ye-S polarization, imeko ye-polarization yokukhanya okuchasiweyo iphantse ihambelane nesiganeko sendiza ye-P polarization, ngeli xesha i-Angle ethile yesiganeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Brewster Angle. Xa ukukhanya kusenzeka kwi-Brewster Angle, ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okuhlanjululweyo ku-perpendicular enye kwenye. Ukusebenzisa le propati, ukukhanya kwe-linearly polarized kunokuveliswa.
3 Isiphelo
Kweli phepha, sazisa ulwazi olusisiseko lwe-polarization ye-optical, ukukhanya yi-electromagnetic wave, kunye ne-wave effect, i-polarization yi-vibration ye-vector field yombane kwi-wave yokukhanya. Siye sazisa iindawo ezintathu ezisisiseko ze-polarization, i-elliptic polarization, i-linear polarization kunye ne-circular polarization, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-polarization, umthombo wokukhanya unokwahlulwa ube kukukhanya okungeyo-polarized, ukukhanya kwepolarized partially kunye nokukhanya kwe-polarized ngokupheleleyo, ekufuneka ukwahlulwe kwaye kucalulwe ekusebenzeni. Ukuphendula ezininzi ezingasentla.
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Yongeza:Isakhiwo 1, No.1558, indlela yobuntlola, qingbaijiang, chengdu, sichuan, china
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2024
