1 I-polarization yokukhanya
Ukukhanya kunezinto ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okuyi-wavelength, intensity kanye ne-polarization. Ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya kulula ukubuqonda, ukuthatha ukukhanya okuvamile okubonakalayo njengesibonelo, ububanzi be-wavelength bungu-380~780nm. Ukuqina kokukhanya nakho kulula ukukuqonda, futhi ukuthi i-beam yokukhanya inamandla noma ibuthakathaka ingabonakala ngobukhulu bamandla. Ngokuphambene, isici sokukhanya kwe-polarization yincazelo yesiqondiso sokudlidliza se-vector yensimu kagesi yokukhanya, engabonakali futhi ithintwa, ngakho ngokuvamile akulula ukuyiqonda, noma kunjalo, empeleni, isici se-polarization sokukhanya. nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi inobubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza empilweni, njengesibonisi sekristalu esiwuketshezi esisibona nsuku zonke, ubuchwepheshe be-polarization busetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuboniswa kombala nokulungiswa kokugqama. Uma ubuka amamuvi e-3D esinema, izingilazi ze-3D nazo zisetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni ukukhanya. Kulabo abenza umsebenzi we-optical, ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-polarization kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo ze-optical kuzosiza kakhulu ekukhuthazeni impumelelo yemikhiqizo namaphrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sizosebenzisa incazelo elula ukwethula i-polarization yokukhanya, ukuze wonke umuntu abe nokuqonda okujulile kwe-polarization, futhi asetshenziswe kangcono emsebenzini.
2 Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-polarization
Ngenxa yokuthi kunemiqondo eminingi ehilelekile, sizoyihlukanisa ibe izifinyezo ezimbalwa ukuze sizethule isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
2.1 Umqondo we-polarization
Siyazi ukuthi ukukhanya kuwuhlobo lwamagagasi kagesi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni olandelayo, igagasi likagesi liqukethe insimu kagesi u-E kanye nenkundla kazibuthe B, ebheke komunye nomunye. Amagagasi amabili ayazungeza eziqondisweni zawo ezihlukene futhi asakazeka ngokuvundlile ahambisana nesiqondiso sokusakazeka u-Z.
Ngenxa yokuthi insimu kagesi kanye ne-magnetic field i-perpendicular komunye nomunye, isigaba siyafana, futhi isiqondiso sokusabalalisa siyafana, ngakho-ke i-polarization yokukhanya ichazwa ngokuhlaziya ukudlidliza kwensimu kagesi ekusebenzeni.
Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, i-vector E yenkundla kagesi ingachithwa ibe yi-Ex vector kanye ne-Ey vector, futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-polarization ukusatshalaliswa kokuqondisa kwe-oscillation yezingxenye zensimu kagesi i-Ex ne-Ey ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nendawo.
2.2 Izifunda eziningana eziyisisekelo ze-polarization
A. I-elliptic polarization
I-Elliptical polarization iyisimo esiyisisekelo se-polarization, lapho izingxenye ezimbili zensimu kagesi zinomehluko wesigaba ongaguquki (eyodwa isakazeka ngokushesha, enye isakazeka kancane), futhi umehluko wesigaba awulingani nenani eliphelele lokuphindaphinda ka-π/2, futhi i-amplitude ingakwazi zifane noma zihluke. Uma ubheka ngakundlela yokusakazeka, umugqa wekhonta we-endpoint trajectory ye-vector yenkundla kagesi uzodweba iellipse, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:
B, i-linear polarization
I-Linear polarization iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-elliptic polarization, lapho izingxenye ezimbili zensimu kagesi zingewona umehluko wesigaba, i-vector yensimu kagesi i-oscillates endizeni efanayo, uma ibukwa ngasendleleni yokusakazeka, i-electric field vector endpoint trajectory contour iwumugqa oqondile. . Uma izingxenye ezimbili zine-amplitude efanayo, lokhu i-polarization yomugqa engu-45 degree eboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
C, i-polarization eyindilinga
I-circular polarization iphinde ibe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-elliptical polarization, lapho izingxenye ezimbili zensimu kagesi zinomehluko wesigaba se-90 degree kanye ne-amplitude efanayo, eduze nokuqondisa kokusabalalisa, i-endpoint trajectory ye-vector field kagesi iyindilinga, njengoba kuboniswe ku- umfanekiso olandelayo:
2.3 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-polarization komthombo wokukhanya
Ukukhanya okukhishwa ngokuqondile emthonjeni wokukhanya ojwayelekile kuyisethi engavamile yokukhanya kwe-polarized, ngakho-ke akukwazi ukutholakala lapho amandla okukhanya achemile lapho kubukwa ngokuqondile. Lolu hlobo lwamandla amaza okukhanya adlidliza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi lubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya kwemvelo, lunoshintsho olungahleliwe lwesimo se-polarization kanye nomehluko wesigaba, okuhlanganisa zonke izikhombisi-ndlela zokudlidliza ezingase zibe khona eziqondana nesiqondiso sokusakazeka kwamagagasi okukhanya, akubonisi ukuhlukaniswa, kungokwase- ukukhanya okungeyona i-polarized. Ukukhanya kwemvelo okuvamile kuhlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ukukhanya okuvela kumalambu asendlini, nokunye.
Ukukhanya kwe-polarized ngokugcwele kunokuqondisa okuzinzile kwe-electromagnetic wave oscillation, futhi izingxenye ezimbili zenkundla kagesi zinomehluko wesigaba ongaguquki, ohlanganisa ukukhanya okugqamile komugqa okushiwo ngenhla, ukukhanya kwe-elliptically polarized kanye nokukhanya okuyindilinga kwe-polarized.
Ukukhanya okumhlophe ngokwengxenye kunezingxenye ezimbili zokukhanya kwemvelo kanye nokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe, okufana ne-laser esivame ukukusebenzisa, engekona ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe ngokuphelele noma ukukhanya okungeyona i-polarized, bese kungokwengxenye yokukhanya kwe-polarized. Ukuze kulinganiswe ingxenye yokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuwo wonke amandla okukhanya, kwethulwa umqondo we-Degree of Polarization (DOP), okuyisilinganiso sokuqina kokukhanya kwe-polarized kuya ku-total intensity yokukhanya, kusukela ku-0 kuye ku-1,0 kwe-unpolarized ukukhanya, oku-1 kokukhanya okwenziwe nge-polarized ngokugcwele. Ukwengeza, i-linear polarization (DOLP) isilinganiso sokuqina kokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe komugqa kuya kubukhulu bokukhanya okuphelele, kuyilapho i-circular polarization (DOCP) iyinani le-circularly polarized light intensity kuya kubukhulu bokukhanya okuphelele. Empilweni, izibani ze-LED ezivamile zikhipha ukukhanya okufakwe i-polarized part.
2.4 Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezimo ze-polarization
Izinto eziningi ze-optical zinomthelela ku-polarization ye-beam, ngezinye izikhathi okulindeleke umsebenzisi futhi ngezinye izikhathi okungalindelekile. Isibonelo, uma i-beam yokukhanya iboniswa, i-polarization yayo ngokuvamile izoshintsha, esimweni sokukhanya kwemvelo, okuboniswa emanzini, izoba ukukhanya kwe-polarized kancane.
Inqobo nje uma i-beam ingaboniswa noma idlula kunoma iyiphi indawo eyenza i-polarizing, isimo sayo se-polarization sihlala sizinzile. Uma ufuna ukushintsha ngobuningi isimo se-polarization se-beam, ungasebenzisa i-polarization optical element ukwenza kanjalo. Isibonelo, ipuleti le-quarter-wave liyinto evamile yokwenza i-polarization, eyenziwe ngezinto zekristalu e-birefringent, ehlukaniswe yaba izikhombisi-ndlela ze-eksisi esheshayo nezinensayo, futhi ingabambezela isigaba sika-π/2 (90°) sokuhambisana kwe-vector yenkundla kagesi. ku-eksisi ehamba kancane, kuyilapho i-vector yenkundla kagesi ehambisana ne-eksisi esheshayo ayinako ukubambezeleka, ukuze kuthi lapho ukukhanya kwe-polarized linearly kwenzeka kupuleti le-quarter-wave ku-polarization Angle engamadigri angu-45, I-beam yokukhanya ngepuleti lamagagasi iba ukukhanya kwe-circularized polarized, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumdwebo ongezansi. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kwemvelo kuguqulwa kube ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe komugqa nge-polarizer yomugqa, bese ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe komugqa kudlule ku-1/4 we-wavelength bese kuba ukukhanya okuyisiyingi, futhi amandla okukhanya awashintshile.
Ngokufanayo, lapho i-beam ihamba iye kwelinye icala futhi ukukhanya okuyisiyingi kwe-polarized kushaya ipuleti elingu-1/4 ku-engeli ye-polarization engu-45 degree, i-beam edlulayo iba ukukhanya kwe-polarized.
Ukukhanya kwe-polarized light kungashintshwa kube ukukhanya okungahlukanisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-intesting sphere okukhulunywe ngayo esihlokweni esandulele. Ngemva kokuba ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe komugqa kungena endaweni ehlanganisayo, kubonakala izikhathi eziningana endaweni, futhi ukudlidliza kwenkambu kagesi kuyaphazamiseka, ukuze ukuphela kokuphumayo kwe-sphere ehlanganisayo kungathola ukukhanya okungeyona i-polarized.
2.5 P ukukhanya, ukukhanya kwe-S kanye ne-Brewster Angle
Kokubili i-P-light kanye ne-S-light yenziwe nge-polarized, i-polarized in the perpendicular directions to each other, futhi awusizo uma kucatshangelwa ukuboniswa nokuhlehla kwe-beam. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, umsebe wokukhanya ukhanyisa endizeni yesigameko, yakhe ukubukeka nokuphindaphinda, futhi indiza eyakhiwe yi-beam yesigameko futhi evamile ichazwa njengendiza yesigameko. Ukukhanya kuka-P (uhlamvu lokuqala lwe-Parallel, okusho ukuthi ukuhambisana) ukukhanya okundlela yayo yokwehlukanisa ihambisana nendiza yesigameko, futhi ukukhanya kuka-S (uhlamvu lokuqala lwe-Senkrecht, okusho ukuthi mpo) ukukhanya okundlela yayo yokwehlukana kuncike endaweni yesigameko.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lapho ukukhanya kwemvelo kuboniswa futhi kufingqiwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-dielectric, ukukhanya okubonisiwe nokukhanya okufihliwe kungukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe ngokwengxenye, kuphela uma i-engeli yesigameko iyi-engeli ethile, isimo se-polarization sokukhanya okubonisiwe sihambisana ngokuphelele nesigameko. Indiza ye-S polarization, isimo se-polarization sokukhanya okuphikisiwe sicishe sifane nendiza yesigameko P polarization, ngalesi sikhathi i-Angle yesigameko ethile ibizwa nge-Brewster Angle. Uma ukukhanya kwenzeka ku-Brewster Angle, ukukhanya okubonisiwe nokukhanya okufihliwe kuncike komunye nomunye. Ngokusebenzisa lesi sakhiwo, ukukhanya kwe-polarized linearly kungakhiqizwa.
3 Isiphetho
Kuleli phepha, sethula ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-optical polarization, ukukhanya kuyigagasi lozibuthe kagesi, elinomphumela wamagagasi, i-polarization ukudlidliza kwe-vector yasensimini kagesi kumaza okukhanya. Sethule izimo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-polarization, i-elliptic polarization, i-linear polarization kanye ne-circular polarization, ezivame ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wansuku zonke. Ngokuya ngokwezinga elihlukile le-polarization, umthombo wokukhanya ungahlukaniswa ube ukukhanya okungeyona i-polarized, ukukhanya kwe-polarized kancane nokukhanya kwe-polarized ngokugcwele, okudinga ukuhlukaniswa nokubandlululwa ekusebenzeni. Ekuphenduleni eziningana ezingenhla.
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