Ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kwezingxenye ze-optical Definition and terminology

Ukuchezuka kwesikhungo seizakhi ze-opticaliyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yeizakhi ze-lens opticalkanye nesici esibalulekile esithinta ukubonwa kwezinhlelo ze-optical. Uma ilensi ngokwayo inokuchezuka okukhulu okumaphakathi, khona-ke noma ukuma kwayo kwendawo kucutshungulwe kahle ngokukhethekile, ikhwalithi yesithombe elindelwe ayitholakali uma isetshenziswa kusistimu yokubona. Ngakho-ke, umqondo nokuhlolwa kokuchezuka kwesikhungo sezinto ezibonakalayo Ingxoxo nezindlela zokulawula iyadingeka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezincazelo namagama amaningi mayelana nokuchezuka kwesikhungo kangangokuthi abangani abaningi abanakho ukuqonda okuphelele kwalesi nkomba. Ngokwenza, kulula ukungaqondi nokudida. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kulesi sigaba, sizogxila endaweni eyindilinga, indawo eyi-aspheric, Incazelo yokuphambuka kwesikhungo sezakhi zamalensi angama-cylindrical kanye nendlela yokuhlola izokwethulwa ngokuhlelekile ukuze kusize wonke umuntu aqonde futhi aqonde kangcono le nkomba, ukuze athuthuke kangcono. izinga lomkhiqizo emsebenzini wangempela.

2 Imigomo ehlobene nokuchezuka kwesikhungo

Ukuze sichaze ukuchezuka okumaphakathi, kuyadingeka kithi ukuthi sibe nokuqonda kwasekuqaleni kwezincazelo ezilandelayo zamagama omqondo ojwayelekile.

1. I-eksisi ye-Optical

Kuyi-theoretical axis. I-elementi yokubona noma isistimu yokubona ihambisana ngokuzungezayo mayelana ne-axis yayo yokubona. Ku-lens eyindilinga, i-axis ebonakalayo iwumugqa oxhuma izikhungo zezindawo ezimbili eziyindilinga.

2. I-eksisi yereferensi

Kuyi-eksisi ekhethiwe yengxenye ye-optical noma isistimu, engasetshenziswa njengereferensi lapho kuhlanganiswa ingxenye. I-axis yesithenjwa iwumugqa oqondile oqondile osetshenziselwa ukumaka, ukuhlola nokulungisa ukuchezuka okumaphakathi. Lo mugqa oqondile kufanele ubonise i-optical axis yesistimu.

3. Iphoyinti lokubhekisela

Yiphoyinti lokuphambana kwe-axis yedatha kanye nendawo engaphezulu yengxenye.

4. I-engeli yokuthambekela ye-sphere

Ezimpambanweni ze-axis yedatha kanye nendawo engaphezulu yengxenye, i-engeli ephakathi kwendawo evamile ne-axis yedatha.

5. I-angle yokutsheka kwe-aspheric

I-engeli ephakathi kwe-axis ye-symmetry ejikelezayo yendawo ye-aspheric kanye ne-axis yedatha.

6. Ibanga elingemuva le-aspheric surface

Ibanga phakathi kwe-vertex ye-aspherical surface kanye ne-axis yedatha.

3 Izincazelo ezihlobene zokuchezuka kwesikhungo

Ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kwendawo eyindilinga kukalwa nge-engeli ephakathi kwendawo evamile yephoyinti yereferensi ye-optical surface kanye ne-axis eyireferensi, okungukuthi, i-engeli ethambekele yendawo eyindilinga. Le engeli ibizwa ngokuthi i-surface inclination angle, emelelwa uhlamvu lwesiGreki u-χ.

Ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kwendawo ezungezile imelelwa i-engeli yokuthambekela engu-χ yendawo eseceleni kwe-aspheric kanye nebanga elingemuva elingu-d lendawo eyi-aspheric.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho uhlola ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kwento eyodwa yelensi, udinga kuqala ukhethe indawo eyodwa njengendawo eyireferensi ukuze uhlole ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kwenye indawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekusebenzeni, amanye amapharamitha nawo angasetshenziswa ukukhombisa noma ukuhlola usayizi wokuchezuka kwesikhungo sengxenye, okuhlanganisa:

1. I-ERO ephumayo yoMphetho, ebizwa nge-Edge run-out ngesiNgisi. Uma ingxenye ilungiswa, lapho ukuphuma kukhulu kuyindilinga eyodwa yonqenqema, kukhulu ukuchezuka okumaphakathi.

2. Umehluko wokuqina komphetho i-ETD, ebizwa ngokuthi umehluko wobukhulu be-Edge ngesiNgisi, ngezinye izikhathi uchazwa ngokuthi △t. Uma umehluko wokujiya konqenqema wengxenye mkhulu, ukuchezuka kwayo okumaphakathi nakho kuzoba kukhudlwana.

3. Isamba esiphelile se-TIR singahunyushwa njengengqikithi yokuphela kwephoyinti lesithombe noma ukuphela kwenkomba. NgesiNgisi, ithi Total image run-out noma inani elikhonjisiwe ukuphela.

Encazelweni yakuqala yesintu, ukuchezuka okumaphakathi kuzobonakala futhi ngomehluko omaphakathi oyindilinga C noma umehluko we-eccentricity C,

I-spherical center aberration, emelelwa ngosonhlamvukazi C (ngezinye izikhathi futhi imelelwa uhlamvu oluncane a), kuchazwa njengokuchezuka kwe-eksisi yejometri yendingiliza yangaphandle yelensi ukusuka eksisi yokubona emaphakathi nendawo yokugoba ilensi, ngamamilimitha. Leli gama lisetshenziswe isikhathi eside Lisetshenziselwa incazelo yokuphambuka kwesikhungo, futhi lisasetshenziswa abakhiqizi kuze kube manje. Le nkomba ivamise ukuvivinywa ngethuluzi lokubeka indawo elikhanyayo.

I-Eccentricity, emelwe uhlamvu oluncane c, ibanga eliphakathi kwendawo yokuhlangana ye-eksisi yejiyomethri yengxenye ye-optical noma i-assembly ehlolwayo endizeni ye-node kanye nendawo engemuva (le ncazelo ayicacile kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokuphoqa. ukuqonda kwethu), ngokwezinombolo Ngokungaphezulu, ukugqama kuyalingana nerediyasi yesiyingi sebhithi yesithombe esigxile lapho ilensi izungeza i-eksisi yejometri. Ivamise ukuvivinywa ngensimbi yokudlulisela phakathi nendawo.

4. Ubudlelwano bokuguqulwa phakathi kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene

1. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-engeli yokuthambekela kwendawo χ, umehluko omaphakathi we-sphere C kanye nomehluko wokuqina oseceleni Δt