Ukucaciswa kwe-Optical kusetshenziswa kukho konke ukwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwengxenye noma isistimu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ihlangabezana kanjani nezimfuneko ezithile zokusebenza.Ziwusizo ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: okokuqala, zicacisa imingcele eyamukelekayo yemingcele eyinhloko elawula ukusebenza kwesistimu;okwesibili, bacacisa inani lezinsiza (okungukuthi isikhathi nezindleko) okufanele zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni.Isistimu yokubona ingase ihlupheke ngenxa yokucaciswa ngaphansi kokucaciswa kahle noma ukucaciswa ngokweqile, kokubili okungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezimali okungadingekile kwezinsiza.I-Paralight Optics ihlinzeka ngama-optics angabizi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zakho ngqo.
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono kokucaciswa kwe-optical, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi zisho ukuthini.Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane sokucaciswa okuvame kakhulu cishe kwazo zonke izakhi ze-optical.
Imininingwane Yokukhiqiza
Ukubekezelela Ububanzi
Ukubekezelela ububanzi bengxenye ye-circular optical kunikeza ububanzi obamukelekayo bamanani obubanzi.Ukubekezelela ububanzi akunawo umthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-optical ye-optic ngokwayo, nokho kuwukubekezelela okubaluleke kakhulu komshini okufanele kucatshangelwe uma i-optic izofakwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesibambi.Isibonelo, uma ububanzi belensi yokubona buchezuka enanini layo elincane, kungenzeka ukuthi i-eksisi yomshini ingasuswa eksisi yokubona ngomhlangano ogxunyekiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukudecenta.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukwehliswa Kokukhanya Okugqamile
Lokhu kucaciswa kokukhiqiza kungahluka ngokusekelwe ekhonweni nekhono lomqambi othile.I-Paralight Optics ingakhiqiza amalensi ukusuka kububanzi obungu-0.5mm ukuya ku-500mm, ukubekezelela kungafinyelela umkhawulo ongu-+/-0.001mm.
| Ithebula 1: Ukukhiqiza Ukubekezelelana Kobubanzi | |
| Ukubekezelela Ububanzi | Ibanga Lekhwalithi |
| +0.00/-0.10 mm | Okujwayelekile |
| +0.00/-0.050 mm | Ukunemba |
| +0.000/-0.010 | Ukunemba okuphezulu |
Ukubekezelela Ukuqina Kwesikhungo
Ugqinsi olumaphakathi lwengxenye ye-optical, ikakhulukazi amalensi, ukujiya kwengxenye elinganiswa phakathi nendawo.Ukujiya kwesikhungo kukalwa kuyo yonke i-eksisi yomshini yelensi, echazwa njenge-eksisi ncamashi phakathi kwamaphethelo ayo angaphandle.Ukwehluka kogqinsi olumaphakathi lwelensi lungathinta ukusebenza kokubona ngenxa yokuthi ukujiya okumaphakathi, kanye ne-radius of curvature, kunquma ubude bendlela yokubona yemisebe edlula ilensi.
Umfanekiso 2: Imidwebo ye-CT, ET & FL
| Ithebula 2: Ukukhiqiza Ukubekezelelana Kokuqina Kwesikhungo | |
| Ukubekezelela Ukuqina Kwesikhungo | Ibanga Lekhwalithi |
| +/-0.10 mm | Okujwayelekile |
| +/-0.050 mm | Ukunemba |
| +/-0.010 mm | Ukunemba okuphezulu |
Umphetho Ukujiya Amavesi Ubukhulu Centre
Kusukela ezibonelweni ezingenhla zemidwebo ebonisa ukujiya okumaphakathi, cishe uqaphele ukuthi ukushuba kwelensi kuyahlukahluka ukusuka onqenqemeni kuye phakathi nendawo ye-optic.Ngokusobala, lokhu kuwumsebenzi we-radius of curvature kanye ne-sag.Amalensi e-Plano-convex, i-biconvex kanye ne-positive meniscus anogqinsi olukhulu ezikhungweni zawo kunasemaphethelweni.Ku-plano-concave, i-biconcave kanye namalensi e-meniscus angemahle, ubukhulu obuphakathi buhlala buncane kunobukhulu bonqenqema.Abaklami be-Optical ngokuvamile bacacisa kokubili unqenqema kanye nogqinsi olumaphakathi emidwebeni yabo, babekezelela obunye balezi zilinganiso, kuyilapho besebenzisa obunye njengobukhulu bereferensi.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kweyodwa yalezi zilinganiso, akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuma kokugcina kwelensi.
Umfanekiso 3: Imidwebo ye-CE, ET, BEF kanye ne-EFL
I-Wedge / Edge Thickness Difference (ETD)
I-Wedge, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-ETD noma i-ETV (Edge Thickness Variation), iwumqondo oqondile okufanele uwuqonde mayelana nomklamo nokwenziwa kwamalensi.Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kucaciswa kulawula ukuthi izindawo ezimbili ezikhanyayo zelensi zifana kanjani kwenye.Noma yikuphi ukuhluka ukusuka kokuhambisanayo kungabangela ukukhanya okudlulisiwe ukuthi kuchezuke endleleni yakho, njengoba inhloso kuwukugxilisa noma ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya ngendlela elawulwayo, ngakho-ke inkaba yethula ukuchezuka okungafuneki endleleni yokukhanya.I-Wedge ingacaciswa ngokuya ngokuchezuka kwe-angular (iphutha lokumaphakathi) phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezidlulisayo noma ukubekezelelana ngokomzimba ekuhlukeni kogqinsi konqenqema, lokhu kumelela ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezimbazo zomshini nezokubona zelensi.
Umfanekiso 4: Iphutha Lokumisa Maphakathi
I-Sagitta (Sag)
I-Radius of curvature ihlobene ngokuqondile ne-Sagitta, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Sag embonini ye-optical.Ngokwamagama ejiyomethri, i-Sagitta imele ibanga ukusuka enkabeni ngqo ye-arc ukuya enkabeni yesisekelo sayo.Ku-Optics, i-Sag isebenza ku-convex noma i-concave curvature futhi imelela ibanga elingokoqobo phakathi kwephoyinti le-vertex (iphoyinti eliphakeme kakhulu noma eliphansi) eduze kwejika kanye nephoyinti elimaphakathi lomugqa odwetshwe i-perpendicular ukuya ejikeni ukusuka kolunye unqenqema lwe-optic ukuya ejikeni. okunye.Umfanekiso ongezansi unikeza umfanekiso obonakalayo we-Sag.
Umfanekiso 5: Imidwebo ye-Sag
I-Sag ibalulekile ngoba ihlinzeka ngendawo emaphakathi yerediyasi yokugoba, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela abasunguli ukuthi babeke kahle irediyasi ku-optic, kanye nokusungula kokubili okuphakathi nendawo nonqenqema lwe-optic.Ngokwazi irediyasi yokugoba, kanye, nobubanzi be-optic, i-Sag ingabalwa ngefomula elandelayo.
Kuphi:
R = irediyasi yokugoba
d = ububanzi
I-Radius of Curvature
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-lens yi-radius of curvature, iyipharamitha eyisisekelo futhi esebenzayo yezindawo ezibonakalayo eziyindilinga, ezidinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Irediyasi yokugoba ichazwa njengebanga phakathi kwe-vertex yengxenye ye-optical kanye nendawo emaphakathi yokugoba.Ingaba yiphozithivu, uziro, noma ibe negethivu kuye ngokuthi ingaphezulu liyi-convex, iplano, noma i-concave, ngenhlonipho.
Ukwazi inani le-radius of curvature kanye nogqinsi lwesikhungo kuvumela umuntu ukuthi anqume ubude bendlela yokubona yemisebe edlula ilensi noma isibuko, kodwa futhi kudlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni amandla okubona angaphezulu, okuwukuthi amandla okubona anamandla kangakanani. isistimu iyahlangana noma ihlukanise ukukhanya.Abaklami be-Optical bahlukanisa phakathi kobude bokugxila obude nobufushane ngokuchaza inani lamandla okubona amalensi abo.Ubude bokugxila obufushane, lezo ezigoba ukukhanya ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho zifinyelele ukugxila ebangeni elifushane ukusuka enkabeni yelensi kuthiwa zinamandla amakhulu okubona, kuyilapho lezo ezigxilisa ukukhanya kancane zichazwa njengezinamandla amancane okubona.Iradiyasi yokugoba ichaza ubude bokugxila belensi, indlela elula yokubala ubude bokugxila bamalensi amancanyana inikezwa I-Thin Lens Approximation Yefomula Yomenzi Welensi.Sicela uqaphele, le fomula ivumeleke kuphela kumalensi okujiya kwawo kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nobude bokugxila obaliwe.
Kuphi:
f = ubude bokugxila
n = inkomba ye-refractive ye-lens material
r1 = irediyasi yokugoba yendawo eseduze nokukhanya kwesigameko
r2 = irediyasi yokugoba endaweni ekude kakhulu nokukhanya kwesigameko
Ukuze ulawule noma yikuphi ukuhluka kobude obugxilile, odokotela bamehlo ngakho-ke badinga ukuchaza ukubekezelela kwerediyasi.Indlela yokuqala ukusebenzisa ukubekezelela okulula komshini, isibonelo, irediyasi ingase ichazwe ngokuthi 100 +/-0.1mm.Esimeni esinjalo, irediyasi ingahluka phakathi kuka-99.9mm no-100.1mm.Indlela yesibili ukusebenzisa ukubekezelela irediyasi ngokwephesenti.Esebenzisa irediyasi efanayo engu-100mm, udokotela wamehlo angase acacise ukuthi ukugoba kungase kungahlukani ngaphezu kuka-0.5%, okusho ukuthi irediyasi kufanele yehle phakathi kuka-99.5mm no-100.5mm.Indlela yesithathu iwukuchaza ukubekezelela ubude bokugxila, ngokuvamile ngokwephesenti.Isibonelo, ilensi enobude bokugxila obungu-500mm ingase ibe nokubekezelela okuthi +/-1% okusho ukuthi 495mm kuya ku-505mm.Ukuxhuma lobu bude obugxilile kuzibalo zamalensi azacile kuvumela abasunguli ukuthi bathole ukubekezelela kwemishini ku-radius yokugoba.
Umfanekiso 6: Ukubekezelela I-Radius Esikhungweni Se-Curvature
| Ithebula 3: Ukukhiqiza Ukubekezelelana Kwe-Radius of Curvature | |
| I-Radius yokubekezelelana kweCurvature | Ibanga Lekhwalithi |
| +/-0.5mm | Okujwayelekile |
| +/-0.1% | Ukunemba |
| +/-0.01% | Ukunemba okuphezulu |
Empeleni, ama-optical fabricators basebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene zamathuluzi ukuze bafanelekele irediyasi yokugoba kulensi.Eyokuqala indandatho eyi-spherometer exhunywe kugeji yokulinganisa.Ngokuqhathanisa umehluko wokugoba phakathi “kwendandatho” echazwe ngaphambilini kanye nerediyasi ye-optics yokugoba, abasunguli bangakwazi ukunquma ukuthi ingabe ukulungisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka yini ukuze kuzuzwe irediyasi efanele.Kukhona futhi inani lama-digital spherometers emakethe ukuze kube nokunemba okukhulayo.Enye indlela enembe kakhulu i-automated contact profilometer esebenzisa i-probe ukuze ilinganise ngokomzimba ukukhonta kwelensi.Okokugcina, indlela engathinteki ye-interferometry ingasetshenziswa ukudala iphethini yomphetho ekwazi ukulinganisa ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwendawo eyindilinga ukuya enkabeni yayo ehambisanayo yokugoba.
Isikhungo
Isikhungo saziwa nangokuthi i-centering noma i-decenter.Njengoba igama lisho, i-centration ilawula ukunemba kwendawo yerediyasi yokugoba.Irediyasi egxile ngokuphelele ingaqondanisa ngokunembile i-vertex (maphakathi) yokugoba kwayo nobubanzi obungaphandle be-substrate.Isibonelo, ilensi ye-plano-convex enobubanzi obungu-20mm ingaba nendawo emaphakathi kahle uma i-vertex ibibekwe ngendlela eqondile eyi-10mm ukusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo eduze nobubanzi obungaphandle.Ngakho-ke kulandela ukuthi ama-optical fabricators kufanele acabangele kokubili i-eksisi engu-X kanye ne-Y lapho belawula ukugxila njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.
Umfanekiso 7: Umdwebo Wokuhlukanisa
Inani le-decenter ku-lens ukususwa ngokomzimba kwe-eksisi yomshini ukusuka ku-eksisi yokubona.I-axis yemishini yelensi imane nje iyi-eksisi yejiyomethri yelensi futhi ichazwa isilinda sayo sangaphandle.I-axis ye-optical yelensi ichazwa izindawo ezikhanyayo futhi iwumugqa oxhumanisa izikhungo zokugoba kwezindawo.
Umfanekiso 8: Umdwebo Wokuhlukanisa
| Ithebula 4: Ukukhiqiza ukubekezelelana kwe-Centre | |
| Isikhungo | Ibanga Lekhwalithi |
| +/-5 Arcminutes | Okujwayelekile |
| +/-3 Arcminute | Ukunemba |
| +/-30 Arcseconds | Ukunemba okuphezulu |
Ukufana
Ukufana kuchaza indlela izindawo ezimbili ezihambisana ngayo maqondana nenye.Kuwusizo ekucaciseni izingxenye ezifana namafasitela nama-polarizer lapho izindawo ezihambisanayo zilungele ukusebenza kwesistimu ngoba zinciphisa ukuhlanekezela okungahle kwehlise isithunzi noma ikhwalithi yokukhanya.Ukubekezelelana okujwayelekile kusuka kuma-arcminute angu-5 kuye phansi kuye kuma-arcsecond ambalwa kanjena:
| Ithebula lesi-5: Ukukhiqiza ukubekezelelana kwe-Parallelism | |
| Ukubekezelelana Okufanayo | Ibanga Lekhwalithi |
| +/-5 Arcminutes | Okujwayelekile |
| +/-3 Arcminute | Ukunemba |
| +/-30 Arcseconds | Ukunemba okuphezulu |
Ukubekezelelana kwe-Angle
Ezingxenyeni ezinjengama-prism nama-beamsplitters, ama-engeli phakathi kwendawo abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-optic.Lokhu kubekezelela i-engeli ngokuvamile kukalwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-autocollimator, isistimu yayo yomthombo wokukhanya ikhipha ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe.I-autocollimator izungeziswa cishe ebusweni be-optic kuze kube umphumela we-Fresnel reflection emuva kuyo ukhiqiza indawo phezu kwendawo ngaphansi kokuhlolwa.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-beam ehlanganisiwe ishaya phezulu ngesigameko esivamile.Umhlangano wonke we-autocollimator ube usujikeleziswa eduze kwe-optic endaweni elandelayo yokubona futhi inqubo efanayo iyaphindwa.Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ukusethwa kwe-autocollimator okujwayelekile kokulinganisa ukubekezelelana kwe-engeli.Umehluko we-engeli phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezilinganisiwe usetshenziselwa ukubala ukubekezelelana phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezibonakalayo.Ukubekezelela i-engeli kungabanjelwa ekubekezeleni kwama-arcminutes ambalwa kuze kufike kuma-arcsecond ambalwa.
Umfanekiso 9: Ukusethwa kwe-Autocollimator Ukulinganisa Ukubekezelelana kwe-engeli
Bevel
Amakhona e-substrate angaba ntekenteke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuwavikela lapho uphatha noma ufaka ingxenye ye-optical.Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokuvikela lawa makhona iwukuba bevel imiphetho.Ama-bevels asebenza njengama-chamfers avikelayo futhi avimbele ama-chip chips.Sicela ubheke ithebula 5 elilandelayo ukuze uthole i-bevel spec yamadayamitha ahlukene.
| Ithebula 6: Imikhawulo Yokukhiqiza Yobukhulu Bobubanzi Bobuso Be-Bevel | |
| Ububanzi | Ubukhulu bobubanzi bobuso be-Bevel |
| 3.00 - 5.00mm | 0.25mm |
| 25.41mm - 50.00mm | 0.3mm |
| 50.01mm - 75.00mm | 0.4mm |
Imbobo ecacile
Imbobo ecacile ilawula ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yelensi okufanele ibambelele kuzo zonke izicaciso ezichazwe ngenhla.Ichazwa njengobubanzi noma usayizi wengxenye ye-optical ngomshini noma ngephesenti okumele ihlangabezane nezicaciso, ngaphandle kwayo, abakhiqizi abaqinisekisi ukuthi i-optic izothobelana nezicaciso ezishiwo.Isibonelo, ilensi ingaba nobubanzi obungu-100mm kanye nendawo evulekile ecaciswe njengokuthi 95mm noma 95%.Noma iyiphi indlela iyamukeleka kodwa kubalulekile ukuyikhumbula njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma kuvuleka indawo enkulu ecacile, kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-optic njengoba iphusha izici zokusebenza ezidingekayo ngokusondela futhi eduze konqenqema olubonakalayo lwe-optic.
Ngenxa yemikhawulo yokukhiqiza, cishe akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza indawo ecacile elingana ncamashi nobubanzi, noma ubude ngobubanzi, be-optic.
Umfanekiso 10: Umfanekiso Obonisa Indawo evulekile kanye Nobubanzi belensi
| Ithebula lesi-7: Ukubekezelela Okucacile Kokumboza | |
| Ububanzi | Imbobo ecacile |
| 3.00mm – 10.00mm | 90% we-Diameter |
| 10.01mm - 50.00mm | Ububanzi - 1 mm |
| ≥ 50.01mm | Ububanzi - 1.5 mm |
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eningilizayo, sicela ubheke ikhathalogi yethu yokubona izinto noma imikhiqizo efakiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-20-2023