Ukuqonda ukucaciswa kwekhwalithi yendawo yama-Optical lens

Ukucaciswa kwendawo

Ikhwalithi Yobuso

Ikhwalithi yendawo yokubona isetshenziselwa ukukala izici ezingaphezulu zomkhiqizo obonakalayo futhi ifaka inani lokungapheleli okufana nokuklwebheka nemigodi. Okuningi kwalokhu kungapheleli okungaphezulu kuwubuhle kuphela futhi akuthinti kakhulu ukusebenza kwesistimu, nakuba, kungase kubangele ukucwiliswa okuncane kokuphuma kwesistimu kanye nokuhlakazeka kahle kokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindawo zizozwela kakhulu kule miphumela, njengokuthi: izindawo ezinezithombe zezindiza, lapho lokhu kungapheleli kungakha ukugxila, nezindawo ezinamaleveli aphezulu wamandla, lapho lokhu kungapheleli kungakhuphula ukumuncwa kwamandla futhi konakalise umkhiqizo obonakalayo. Ukucaciswa okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwekhwalithi yendawo ukuklwebha kanye nokucaciswa komgodi okuboniswe yi-MIL-PRF-13830B. Amagama okuklwebha anqunywa ngokuqhathanisa imihuzuko endaweni nochungechunge lwemihuzuko evamile ehlinzekwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanyisa ezilawulwayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokuchaza imihuzuko yayo yangempela, igama lokuklwebha liyiqhathanisa nemihuzuko evamile esekelwe ekucacisweni kwe-MIL. Amagama emigodi, nokho, ahlobene ngqo namaphoyinti noma imigodi endaweni. Amagama emigodi abalwa ngokuhlukanisa ububanzi bomgodi ngama-microns ngo-10. Ngokuvamile ukucaciswa komgodi wokuklwebha phakathi kuka-80 no-50 kuzobhekwa njengekhwalithi evamile, phakathi kuka-60 no-40 kuzoba yikhwalithi enembile, futhi phakathi kuka-20 no-10 kuzobhekwa njengokunemba okuphezulu. izinga.

Ubucaba bobuso

p>Ukucaba komhlaba kuwuhlobo lokucaciswa olukala ukunemba kwendawo, futhi lusetshenziselwa ukukala ukuchezuka kwendawo eyisicaba njengezibuko, izingcezu zamawindi,ama-prism, noma izibuko eziyisicaba. Ungakwazi ukukala lokhu kuchezuka usebenzisa i-optical flat crystal, okuyikhwalithi ephezulu, indiza yereferensi yokunemba okuphezulu esetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa ukushelela kwezifanekiso. Lapho indiza yomkhiqizo we-optical ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ibekwe ngokumelene ne-optical, ama-streaks avela, ukuma kwawo okubonisa ukushelela kwendawo yomkhiqizo we-optical ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. Uma imigqa ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo futhi iyimigqa eqondile ehambisanayo, indawo yokubona ehloliwe okungenani iyisicaba njengekristalu eliyisithenjwa eliyisicaba. Uma imithende igobile, inani lemigqa ephakathi kwemigqa emibili enedeshi (umugqa owodwa onedekhi ebheke endaweni emaphakathi yomugqa nomunye umugqa onedeshi odlula ekugcineni komugqa ofanayo) ukhomba iphutha lokushelela. Ukuchezuka kubushelelezi kuvamise ukukalwa ngokwamanani e-ripple (λ), akhiwe ngamaza wamaza amaningi omthombo wokuhlola. Umugqa owodwa uhambisana no-½ wobude begagasi. Ukushelela kwe-1λ kubonisa izinga lekhwalithi elimaphakathi; ukushelela kwe-λ/4 kubonisa izinga elinembile lekhwalithi; kanye nokushelela kwe-λ/20 kubonisa izinga eliphezulu lokunemba.

Inombolo yokuvula

Inombolo yokuvula iwuhlobo lokucaciswa olukala ukunemba kwendawo, esebenza ezindaweni ezibonayo ezigobile noma izindawo ezinamandla. Ukuhlolwa kwenombolo yokuvula kufana nokuhlolwa kwesicaba ngoba kuqhathanisa indawo engaphezulu nendawo eyireferensi enerediyasi enembile yokugoba. Kusetshenziswa isimiso esifanayo sokugxambukela esikhiqizwe igebe phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili, iphethini yokuphazamisa yemigqa isetshenziselwa ukubonisa ukuchezuka phakathi kwendawo yokuhlola nendawo yereferensi. Ukuchezuka kusithenjwa kuzokhiqiza uchungechunge lwamaringi abizwa ngokuthi ama-Newton's rings. Uma amaringi ekhona, kukhulu ukuchezuka. Inombolo yamandandatho amnyama noma agqamile, kunenombolo ephelele yawo womabili amandandatho amnyama nakhanyayo, ilingana nephutha eliphindwe kabili le-wavelength.

Ukungajwayelekile

I-Irregularity uhlobo lokucaciswa olukala ukunemba kwendawo futhi luchaze ukuchezuka komumo ongaphezulu ukusuka kumumo ongaphezulu wereferensi. Ukungalungi kukalwa ngendlela efanayo nenombolo yokuvula. I-Irregularity umugqa oyindilinga oyindilinga okwakhiwa ngokuqhathanisa indawo yokuhlola nendawo eyireferensi. Uma indawo engaphezulu inenombolo yokuvula engaphezu kwemithende emi-5, kuzoba nzima ukuthola umumo omncane ongajwayelekile omncane kunomugqa ongu-1. Ngakho-ke, kuwumkhuba ovamile ukucacisa isilinganiso senani lezikhala zokungena endaweni engavamile ukuze kube cishe u-5:1.

I-Surface Qeda/ubuhwaqane obungaphezulu

Ukuqedwa kobuso, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo, kusetshenziselwa ukukala ukungalungi okuncane endaweni. Ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wenqubo embi yokupholisha. Izindawo ezimahhadla zivamise ukumelana nemihuzuko kunezindawo ezibushelelezi futhi zingase zingalungeli ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa amalaser noma ezindaweni ezishiselwe ngokweqile, ngenxa yamathuba okuphuka okuncane noma ukungapheleli endaweni ye-nucleation. Ukubekezelela ukukhiqizwa kokuqedwa kwendawo kungu-50Å RMS wekhwalithi emaphakathi, 20Å RMS ngekhwalithi enembile, kanye ne-5Å RMS yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, sicela ubheke yethuikhathalogi opticsnoma noma ukhululeke ukusithinta ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.